Diaspora ya Waafrika

Diaspora ya Waafrika inahusu jumuia za watu duniani kote ambazo zina asili yake katika Waafrika waliohama bara lao au waliohamishwa wakati wa historia kuandikwa^[6].

Katika hizo, kubwa zaidi ni zile za Brazil, Marekani na Haiti.^[7]

Umoja wa Afrika unafafanua hivi mtawanyiko^[8] huo:

"[unaundwa] na watu wenye asili ya Afrika ambao wanaishi nje ya bara hilo, bila kujali uraia na utaifa wao na wana nia ya kuchangia maendeleo ya bara na ujenzi wa Umoja wa Afrika."

Hati ya kuuanzisha inatamka kwamba

"utaalika na kuhimiza diaspora ya Waafrika ishiriki kikamilifu kama sehemu muhimu ya bara letu."^[9]

Tanbihi hariri

↑ {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/facts-for-features/2017/cb17-ff01.pdf%7Ctitle=February 2017 - U.S. Census Bureau] [[PDF]|website=census.gov|accessdate=2 September 2017}}
↑ "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos". Censo General 2005. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Iliwekwa mnamo 15 June 2013. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "The Society and Its Environment"; Colombia: a country study: pp. 87, 92. Washingtion D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
↑ "Ethnic groups in Colombia" (kwa Spanish). dane.gov.co. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-03. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 March 2014. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ "Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Estados Unidos Mexicanos". INEGI. uk. 77. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-04-22. Iliwekwa mnamo 9 December 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ Harris, J. E. (1993). "Introduction" In J. E. Harris (ed.), Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, pp. 8–9.
↑ Ade Ajayi, J. F; International Scientific Committee For The Drafting Of a General History Of Africa, Unesco (1998-07-01). General History of Africa. ku. 305–15. ISBN 978-0-520-06701-1. via Google Books
↑ The term "diaspora" originates from the Greek διασπορά (diaspora, literally "scattering") which gained popularity in English in reference to the Jewish diaspora before being more broadly applied to other populations.In an article published in 1991, William Safran set out six rules to distinguish "diasporas" from general migrant communities. While Safran's definitions were influenced by the idea of the Jewish diaspora, he recognised the expanding use of the term. Rogers Brubaker (2005) also noted that use of the term "diaspora" was in the process of being used in an increasingly general sense. He suggests that one element of this expansion in use "involves the application of the term diaspora to an ever-broadening set of cases: essentially to any and every nameable population category that is to some extent dispersed in space". An early example of the use of "African diaspora" appears in the title of Sidney Lemelle, Robin D. G. Kelley, Imagining Home: Class, Culture and Nationalism in the African Diaspora (1994).
↑ "The Diaspora Division". Statement. The Citizens and Diaspora Organizations Directorate (CIDO). Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-12-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 7 January 2016. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Marejeo hariri

Okpewho, Isidore; Nzegwu, Nkiru (2009). The New African Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35337-5.
Olaniyan, Tejumola; Sweet, James H (2010). The African Diaspora and the Disciplines. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35464-8.
Hine, Darlene Clark; Danielle Keaton, Trica; Small, Stephen (2009). Black Europe and the African Diaspora. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07657-2.
Davies, Carole Boyce (2008). Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: origins, experiences and culture, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-700-5.
Wisdom, Tettey; Puplampu, Korbla P (2005). The African Diaspora in Canada: negotiating identity & belonging. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 1-55238-175-7.
Olliz-Boyd, Antonio (2010). The Latin American Identity and the African Diaspora: Ethnogenesis in Context. Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-60497-704-2.
Carter, Donald Martin (2010). Navigating the African Diaspora: The Anthropology of Invisibility. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4777-4.
Conyers Jr, James L. (2009). Racial Structure and Radical Politics in the African Diaspora. London: Transaction. ISBN 1-4128-1045-0.
Curry, Dawne Y.; Duke, Eric D.; Smith, Marshanda A. (2009). Extending the Diaspora: New histories of Black people. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03459-6.
Arthur, John A. (2008). The African Diaspora in the United States and Europe: the Ghanaian experience. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-4841-3.
Karmwar, M. (2010). African diaspora in India. Diaspora Studies, 3(1), 69-91.ISSN 0973-9572.

Viungo vya nje hariri

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