Eklampsia
Eklampsia ni mwanzo wa mitukutiko (misukosuko) katika mwanamke aliye na prekilampsia.[1] Prekilampsia ni ugonjwa wa ujauzito ambapo kuna shinikizo la juu la damu na uwepo wa viwango vikubwa vya protini kwenye mkojo au utendakazi mwingine duni wa viungo.[2][3] Ugonjwa huu unaweza kuanza kabla, wakati wa, au baada ya kujifungua.Mitukutiko ni ya aina ya kitoni na kiklonasi na kwa kawaida hudumu kwa takriban dakika moja. Baada ya mtukutiko, kwa kawaida kipindi cha kuchanganyikiwa au kupoteza ufahamu hufuatia . Matatizo hujumuisha: numonia ya kuvimba mapafu, kuvuja damu kwenye ubongo, kushindwa kwa figo na mshtuko wa moyo. Prekilampsia na eklampsia ni sehemu ya kikundi kikubwa zaidi cha hali zinazojulikana kama magonjwa ya shinikizo la juu la damu katika ujauzito.[1]
| Eklampsia | |
|---|---|
| Mwainisho na taarifa za nje | |
| Kundi Maalumu | Obstetrics  |
| ICD-10 | O15. |
| ICD-9 | 642.6 |
| DiseasesDB | 4068 |
| MedlinePlus | 000899 |
| eMedicine | med/1905 emerg/796 |
| MeSH | D004461 |
Kinga na matibabu
haririMapendekezo ya kinga ni pamoja na: aspirin kwa watu walio katika hatari kubwa, nyongeza ya kalisi katika maeneo yenye upungufu wa kalisi, na matibabu dhidi ya hipatensheni ya awali kwa dawa.[4][5] Mazoezi ya mwili wakati wa ujauzito pia yanaweza kusaidia.[1] Kutumia Salfeti ya magnesiamu ya kudungwa ndani ya mishipa au ndani ya misuli huwasaidia wanawake walio na eklampsia na huwa salama kwa kijumla.[6][7] Hali hii hutokea katika yaliyostawi na mataifa yanayostawi.[6] Huenda mgonjwa akahitaji kusaidiwa kupumua. Mbinu zingine za matibabu zinaweza kujumuisha dawa kama vile hydralazine na kuzaa kwa dharura kupitia ukeni au kuzaa kwa njia ya upasuaji.[1]
Epidemiolojia, prognosisi na historia
haririPrekilampsia hukadiriwa kuathiri takriban asilimia 5 ya wanawake wanaozaa nayo eklampsia huwaathiri takriban asilimia 1.4 ya wanawake wanaozaa.[8] Katika mataifa yalistawi, viwango vya ugonjwa huu ni takriban mwanamke 1 katika wanawake 2000 wanaozaa, kwa sababu ya uboreshaji wa viwango vya afya.[1] Magonjwa ya shinikizo la juu la damu katika ujauzito ni mojawapo ya visababishi vikuu vya vifo wakati wa ujauzito.[9] Magonjwa haya yalisababisha vifo 29,000 mwaka wa 2013 – vilivyopungua kutoka vifo 37,000 mwaka wa 1990.[10] Takriban asilimia moja ya wanawake walio na eklampsia hufa.[1] Neno eklampsia linatokana na neno la Kigiriki linalomaanisha radi. Maelezo ya kwanza yanayofahamika yalitolewa na Hippocrates katika karne ya 5 BCE.[11]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "40". Williams obstetrics (tol. la 24th). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2014. ISBN 9780071798938.
- ↑ Lambert, G; Brichant, JF; Hartstein, G; Bonhomme, V; Dewandre, PY (2014). "Preeclampsia: an update". Actaanaesthesiologica Belgica. 65 (4): 137–49. PMID 25622379.
- ↑ "Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy" (PDF). ObstetGynecol. 122 (5): 1122–31. Nov 2013. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88. PMID 24150027. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2016-01-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-03-11.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PDF). 2011. ISBN 978-92-4-154833-5. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2015-05-13. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-03-11.
- ↑ Henderson, JT; Whitlock, EP; O'Connor, E; Senger, CA; Thompson, JH; Rowland, MG (Mei 20, 2014). "Low-dose aspirin for prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force". Annals of internal medicine. 160 (10): 695–703. doi:10.7326/M13-2844. PMID 24711050.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Smith, JM; Lowe, RF; Fullerton, J; Currie, SM; Harris, L; Felker-Kantor, E (5 Februari 2013). "An integrative review of the side effects related to the use of magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management". BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 13: 34. PMID 23383864.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ McDonald, SD; Lutsiv, O; Dzaja, N; Duley, L (Agosti 2012). "A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes following magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in real-world use". International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 118 (2): 90–6. PMID 22703834.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Abalos, E; Cuesta, C; Grosso, AL; Chou, D; Say, L (Septemba 2013). "Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review". European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 170 (1): 1–7. PMID 23746796.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Arulkumaran, N.; Lightstone, L. (Desemba 2013). "Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics &Gynaecology. 27 (6): 877–884. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.003.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 Desemba 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Emile R. Mohler (2006). Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease. PMPH-USA. ku. 407–408. ISBN 9781550093186.