Gangsta rap
Gangsta rap au gangster rap [1] ni aina ya muziki wa hip hop ambayo mashairi yake yanahusisha utamaduni wa magenge ya mitaani ya Marekani[2] , iliibuka miaka ya 1980. Baadhi ya wanamuziki wa rap ya mtindo huu hujivunia uhusiano na magenge halisi ya mitaani, kama vile Crips na Bloods. [3] [4]
Waanzilishi wa Gangsta rap ni pamoja na Schoolly D wa Philadelphia mwaka 1985, Ice-T wa Los Angeles mwaka 1986, na N.W.A mwaka 1988. Mnamo 1993, kupitia mtayarishaji wa muziki Dr. Dre, rapa Snoop Dogg, na mtindo wao wa G-funk, muziki wa gangsta rap ulipata umaarufu zaidi.
Gangsta rap imekuwa ikishutumiwa mara kwa mara kwa kuendeleza mienendo isiyofaa na uhalifu, hasa mashambulizi, mauaji, uuzaji wa dawa za kulevya na uasherati.[5] Gangstar rap imekuwa ikikosolewa na baadhi ya watu mashuhuri, akiwemo Spike Lee[6] , mchungaji Calvin Butts na mwanaharakati C. Delores Tucker, hata hivyo watetezi wa Gangsta rap wanabainisha kuwa ni taswira za kisanii sio uidhinishaji wa maisha ya magenge ya mitaani nchini Marekani, na kusema kuwa baadhi ya mashairi huonyesha kupinga ukandamizaji wa kijamii au ukatili wa polisi, na mara nyingi wamewashutumu wakosoaji kuwa na unafiki na upendeleo wa rangi.[7][8]
Makala bado ni mbegu. Unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuongezea habari.
Marejeo hariri
- ↑ Krims, Adam (2000). Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity. Cambridge University Press. uk. 70. ISBN 9780521634472.
- ↑ James C. Howell, The History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015), pp 82–85.
- ↑ * Gangs and Gang Crime (2008) Michael Newton
- Gangsters Encyclopedia page 59, (2007) Michael Newton
- Encyclopedia of gangs page 44, Louis Kontos, David Brotherton
- Bloods and Crips: The Genesis of a Genocide: page 42 (2009) Donovan Simmons, Terry Moses
- The Killing of Tupac Shakur Cathy Scott
- ↑ "Gangsta Rap – What Is Gangsta Rap". Rap.about.com. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo May 14, 2011. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-03-03. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help); More than one of|archiveurl=na|archive-url=specified (help); More than one of|accessdate=na|access-date=specified (help); More than one of|archivedate=na|archive-date=specified (help); Check date values in:|archivedate=(help) - ↑ "Archives". Los Angeles Times (kwa en-US). Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-06-01.
- ↑ Spike Lee's satirical film Bamboozled likens gangsta rap to minstrel shows and blackface.
- ↑ "Archives". Los Angeles Times (kwa en-US). Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-06-01.
- ↑ "- YouTube". www.youtube.com. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-06-01.