Lenzi ya uvutano
Lenzi ya uvutano (kwa kiingereza: gravitational lens) ni maada, kama fungu la majarra au nukta yakinifu, ambayo inapindisha nuru kutoka chanzo cha mbali inaposafiri kuelekea kwa mtazamaji. Uhusianifu wa jumla wa Albert Eistein[1][2] unaeleza ukubwa wa lenzi ya uvutano bora sana kuliko fizikia ya Newton, ambayo inachukulia nuru kama chembe sahili chenye kasi ya nuru.[3][4][5][6]
Orest Khvolson (1924)[7] na Frantisek Link (1936)[8] husifiwa kwa kuwa watu wa kwanza kwa kuzungumzia athari ya lenzi za uvutano, lakini mara nyingi watu huihusisha na Einstein, ambaye mnamo 1912[9] alifanya hesabu ambayo hakuchapisha na mnamo 1936 alichapisha makala.
Mnamo 1937, Fritz Zwicky alidai kwamba mafungu ya majarra yangeweza kufanya lenzi za uvutano. Dai yake ilithibitishwa na kutazama Nusunyota Maradufu (SBS 0957+561) mnamo 1979.
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ "Einstein's Telescope - video (02:32)", New York Times, 5 Machi 2015.
- ↑ Overbye, Dennis. "Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns", New York Times, March 5, 2015.
- ↑ Bernard F. Schutz (1985). A First Course in General Relativity. Cambridge University Press. uk. 295. ISBN 978-0-521-27703-7.
- ↑ Wolfgang Rindler (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (tol. la 2). OUP Oxford. uk. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-152433-2. Kiziduo cha ukurasa 21
- ↑ Gabor Kunstatter; Jeffrey G Williams; D E Vincent (1992). General Relativity And Relativistic Astrophysics - Proceedings Of The 4th Canadian Conference. World Scientific. uk. 100. ISBN 978-981-4554-87-9. Kiziduo cha ukurasa 100
- ↑ Pekka Teerikorpi; Mauri Valtonen; K. Lehto; Harry Lehto; Gene Byrd; Arthur Chernin (2008). The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life: The Search for Our Cosmic Roots. Springer Science & Business Media. uk. 165. ISBN 978-0-387-09534-9. Kiziduo cha ukurasa 165
- ↑ Turner, Christina (14 Februari 2006). "The Early History of Gravitational Lensing" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 25 Julai 2008.
- ↑ Bičák, Jiří; Ledvinka, Tomáš (2014). General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics: Perspectives 100 years after Einstein's stay in Prague. Springer. ku. 49–50. ISBN 9783319063492.
- ↑ Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.