Mani : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

'''Mani''' (kwa [[Kifarsi]] مانی, ''Māni''; [[Ctesiphon]] (leo nchini [[Iraq]])<ref name=ICS>{{citation|last=Taraporewala|first=I.J.S.|title=Manichaeism|publisher=Iran Chamber Society|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism2.php|accessdate=2015-01-12}}</ref>, [[216]] – [[Gundeshapur]] (leo nchini [[Iran]]), [[274]] hivi) alikuwa [[mtu]] wa [[karne ya 3]]<ref>{{citation | first = Mary | last = Boyce | title = Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices | publisher = Routledge | year = 2001 | page = 111 | quote = He was Iranian, of noble Parthian blood...}}</ref><ref>{{citation | first = Warwick | last = Ball | title = Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire | publisher = Routledge | year = 2001 | page = 437 | quote = Manichaeism was a syncretic religion, proclaimed by the Iranian Prophet Mani}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Sundermann | first = Werner | title = Mani, the founder of the religion of Manicheism in the 3rd century AD | encyclopedia = Iranica | year = 2009 | publisher = Sundermann | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mani-founder-manicheism | quote = According to the Fehrest, Mani was of Arsacid stock on both his father’s and his mother’s sides, at least if the readings al-ḥaskāniya (Mani’s father) and al-asʿāniya (Mani’s mother) are corrected to al-aškāniya and al-ašḡāniya (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, ll. 2 and 3) respectively. The forefathers of Mani’s father are said to have been from Hamadan and so perhaps of Iranian origin (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, 5–6). The Chinese Compendium, which makes the father a local king, maintains that his mother was from the house Jinsajian, explained by Henning as the Armenian Arsacid family of Kamsarakan (Henning, 1943, p. 52, n. 4 = 1977, II, p. 115). Is that fact, or fiction, or both? The historicity of this tradition is assumed by most, but the possibility that Mani’s noble Arsacid background is legendary cannot be ruled out (cf. Scheftelowitz, 1933, pp. 403–4). In any case, it is characteristic that Mani took pride in his origin from time-honored Babel, but never claimed affiliation to the Iranian upper class.}}</ref><ref>{{citation | first = Alessandro | last = Bausani | title = Religion in Iran: from Zoroaster to Baha'ullah | publisher = Bibliotheca Persica Press | year = 2000 | page = 80 | quote = We are now certain that Mani was of Iranian stock on both his father's and his mother's side}}.</ref>, aliyeanzisha [[dini]] ya [[Umani]], ambayo kwa sasa haipo tena. <ref name=ICS>