Hamira : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
No edit summary
Mstari 1:
'''Hamira''' inajulikana kamani [[kiungodawa]] kinachowekwaya ungaunga au chengachenga inayowekwa kwenye [[unga]] uliokandwa ili uvimbe au uwe mchachu na hatimaye [[chakula]] kama [[mkate]], [[pizza]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fixmypizza.com/|title=Best Pizza Ovens of 2018: Don't make the same mistakes {{!}} Fix My Pizza|language=en-US|work=Fix My Pizza|accessdate=2018-09-23}}</ref>, [[andazi]], [[kitumbua]] nan.k. kutumiwakipendeze tenazaidi. Pia hutumiwa katika mchakato wa kuchachusha [[wanga]] kuwa [[pombe|vinywaji vya pombe]] kama [[bia]]. auKumbe [[divai]] haihitaji kuongeza hamira katika majimaji yaliyokamuliwa katika [[zabibu]].
 
==Aina nyingi za hamira==
Kuna aina nyingi za hamira ambazo zote ni [[vidubini]] vidogo. Hadi sasa kuna takriban [[spishi]] 1500 zilizotambuliwa. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7NclBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&dq=S.+cerevisiae+probably+more+than+300+million+years+ago&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepa-I0p7NAhVFMZoKHYIyCnsQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=S.%20cerevisiae%20probably%20more%20than%20300%20million%20years%20ago&f=false Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism] </ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Hoffman CS, Wood V, Fantes PA | title = An Ancient Yeast for Young Geneticists: A Primer on the ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'' Model System.|journal = [[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]]| volume = 201| issue = 2| pages = 403–23|date=October 2015| pmid = 26447128 | doi = 10.1534/genetics.115.181503 | url = | issn = | pmc=4596657}}</ref>
 
Kuna hamira ambazo zimeleta faida kwa [[binadamu]] kutokana na matumizi ya kutngenezakutengeneza vyakula au kwa [[utafiti]] wa kitaalamu. Kuna pia aina ambazo zinaweza kusababisha [[magonjwa]].
 
==Hamira ya mkate na pombe==
Ni hasa spishi moja yenye [[jina la kisayansi]] la saccharomyces cerevisiae inayotumiwa katika utengenezaji wa vyakula na vinywaji. Spishi hii imetumiwa na binadamu tangu miaka mielfu[[elfu]] na binadamukadhaa. Inakula [[kabohidrati]] katika wanga na [[sukari]] na kutoa [[gesi]] ya [[kaboni dioksidi|gesi ya kaboniaboni dioksidi]] pamoja na [[ethanoli]].
 
Kwa hiyo chanzo cha [[Mkate#Mikate_iliyochachuka|mkate uliochachuka]] na pombe ni kilekile isipokuwa kama [[kinyunga]] kinapashwa [[moto]] [[alikoholi]] (pombe) inapotea, ni gesi tu inayofanya mkate kuwa laini, lakini kama majimaji inaongezwa na mchakato wa kuchachua unaendelea ni pombe inayotokea, kutegemeanaambayo naaina viungoyake amainategemeana kamana bia au divai[[viungo]].
 
==Marejeo==
{{references}}
{{mbegu}}
 
[[jamii:Vidubini]]
[[Jamii:Chakula]]
[[Jamii:Vinywaji]]