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Isaac Newton : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Mstari 16:
 
[[Tarehe]] [[10 Desemba]] [[1682]] alimuandikia [[Richard Bentley]]: «Siamini [[ulimwengu]] unaweza kuelezwa na sababu za [[maumbile]] tu, bali nalazimika kuuona kama [[tunda]] la [[hekima]] na [[ubunifu]] vya mmoja mwenye [[akili]]». Hata hivyo, yeye binafsi hakukubali mafundisho juu ya [[Utatu]] wa [[Mungu]].
 
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Berkun2010">{{cite book|author-link=Scott Berkun|first=Scott|last=Berkun|title=The Myths of Innovation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kPCgnc70MSgC&pg=PA4|date=27 August 2010|publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4493-8962-8|page=4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Brogdale—Home of the National Fruit Collection">{{cite web|url=http://www.brogdale.org |title=Brogdale&nbsp;– Home of the National Fruit Collection |publisher=Brogdale.org |accessdate=20 December 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201035839/http://www.brogdale.org/ |archivedate=1 December 2008 |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Coat of arms of Isaac Newton">{{cite web|first=Gerard|last=Michon|url=http://www.numericana.com/arms/index.htm#newton |title=Coat of arms of Isaac Newton|publisher=Numericana.com|accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain">{{cite book|last=Haakonssen|first=Knud|editor=Martin Fitzpatrick |chapter=The Enlightenment, politics and providence: some Scottish and English comparisons|title=Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in Eighteenth-century Britain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|page=64|isbn=978-0-521-56060-3|date=30 May 1996}}</ref>
 
<ref name="From the National Fruit Collection: Isaac Newton's Tree">{{cite web|url=http://www.brogdale.org.uk/image1.php?varietyid=1089 |title=From the National Fruit Collection: Isaac Newton's Tree |accessdate=10 January 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Hamblyn (2011)">{{cite book|last=Hamblyn|first=Richard|date=2011|title=The Art of Science|publisher=[[Pan Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1-4472-0415-2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xKFSqsDj0MC&pg=PT57|chapter=Newtonian Apples: William Stukeley}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Keynes Ms. 130.4:Conduitt's account of Newton's life at Cambridge">{{cite web|url=http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/THEM00167 |last=Conduitt|first=John |title=Keynes Ms. 130.4:Conduitt's account of Newton's life at Cambridge|website=Newtonproject|publisher=Imperial College London|accessdate=30 August 2006}}</ref>
 
<ref name="More">{{cite book|last=Westfall|first=Richard S.|origyear=1980|date=1983|title=Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-27435-7|pages=530–1}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Newton's Alchemy and His Theory of Matter">{{cite journal|last=Dobbs|first=J.T.|date=December 1982|title=Newton's Alchemy and His Theory of Matter|journal=Isis|volume=73|issue=4|page=523|doi=10.1086/353114}} quoting ''Opticks''</ref>
 
<ref name="Newton's apple: The real story">{{cite journal|journal=New Scientist|url=https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.php|archive-url=https://archive.is/20100121073908/http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.php|dead-url=yes|archivedate=21 January 2010|title=Newton's apple: The real story|date=18 January 2010|accessdate=10 May 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)">{{cite web|url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html|title=Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)|website=Eric Weisstein's World of Biography|accessdate=30 August 2006|publisher=Eric W. Weisstein}}</ref>
 
<ref name="OPN1">{{cite journal |last=Duarte| first=F. J.| author-link=F. J. Duarte|date=2000|title=Newton, prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers|journal=Optics and Photonics News|volume=11|issue=5|pages=24–25|doi=10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024|bibcode=2000OptPN..11...24D|url=http://www.tunablelasers.com/F.J.DuarteOPN%282000%29.pdf}}</ref>
 
<ref name="OSNS">During Newton's lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] ("[[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]") calendar in [[Protestantism|Protestant]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] regions, including Britain; and the [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]] ("[[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]]") calendar in Roman Catholic Europe. At Newton's birth, Gregorian dates were ten days ahead of Julian dates: thus his birth is recorded as taking place on 25 December 1642 Old Style, but can be converted to a New Style (modern) date of 4 January 1643. By the time of his death, the difference between the calendars had increased to eleven days: moreover, he died in the period after the start of the New Style year on 1 January, but before that of the Old Style new year on 25 March. His death occurred on 20 March 1726 according to the Old Style calendar, but the year is usually adjusted to 1727. A full conversion to New Style gives the date 31 March 1727. See Thony, Christie (2015) Calendrical confusion or just when did Newton die?, The Renaissance Mathematicus, retrieved 20 March 2015 from https://thonyc.wordpress.com/2015/03/20/calendrical-confusion-or-just-when-did-newton-die/</ref>
 
<ref name="Papers Show Isaac Newton's Religious Side, Predict Date of Apocalypse">{{cite news|title=Papers Show Isaac Newton's Religious Side, Predict Date of Apocalypse |agency=Associated Press |date=19 June 2007 |url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20070619/28049_Papers_Show_Isaac_Newton%27s_Religious_Side%2C_Predict_Date_of_Apocalypse.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813033620/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20070619/28049_Papers_Show_Isaac_Newton%27s_Religious_Side%2C_Predict_Date_of_Apocalypse.htm |archivedate=13 August 2007 |accessdate=1 August 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Science and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England">{{cite book|last=Westfall |first=Richard S. |date=1958 |title=Science and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |page=200 |isbn=978-0-208-00843-5|ref=harv}}</ref>
 
<!--ref name="Singular scientists">{{cite journal|last=James|first=Ioan|date=January 2003|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|volume=96|issue=1|pages=36–39|pmc=539373|doi=10.1258/jrsm.96.1.36|pmid=12519805|title=Singular scientists}}</ref-->
 
<ref name="The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes Volume X">{{cite book|last=Keynes |first=John Maynard |date=1972 |chapter=Newton, The Man |title=The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes Volume X |publisher=MacMillan St. Martin's Press |pages=363–4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="The Early Period (1608–1672)">{{cite web|url=http://etoile.berkeley.edu/~jrg/TelescopeHistory/Early_Period.html |title=The Early Period (1608–1672) |accessdate=3 February 2009 |publisher=James R. Graham's Home Page }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name="The Newtonians and the English Revolution: 1689–1720">{{cite book|last=Jacob|first=Margaret C.|date=1976|title=The Newtonians and the English Revolution: 1689–1720|publisher=Cornell University Press|pages=37, 44|isbn=978-0-85527-066-7}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Was Isaac Newton an Arian?">{{cite journal|last=Pfizenmaier|first=T.C.|date=1997|title=Was Isaac Newton an Arian? |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas|volume=58|issue=1|pages=57–80|doi=10.1353/jhi.1997.0001|bibcode=1961JHI....22..215C}}</ref>
 
<ref name="White 1997, p170">{{harvnb|White|1997|p=170}}</ref>
 
<ref name="bankofengland">{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/denom_guide/nonflash/1-SeriesD-Revised.htm|title=Withdrawn banknotes reference guide|publisher=Bank of England|accessdate=27 August 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505053927/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/denom_guide/nonflash/1-SeriesD-Revised.htm|archivedate=5 May 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=32IDpTdthm4C&pg=PA67|title=Isaac Newton: adventurer in thought|page=67|isbn=978-0-521-56669-8|last=Hall|first=Alfred Rupert|date=1996}}</ref>
 
<ref name="dulles">Avery Cardinal Dulles. [https://www.firstthings.com/article/2005/01/the-deist-minimum The Deist Minimum] (January 2005).</ref>
 
<ref name="hooke1679nov24">See 'Correspondence of Isaac Newton, vol. 2, 1676–1687' ed. H W Turnbull, Cambridge University Press 1960; at page 297, document No. 235, letter from Hooke to Newton dated 24 November 1679.</ref>
 
<ref name="royalsoc.ac.uk">{{cite web|title=Newton beats Einstein in polls of Royal Society scientists and the public |website=The Royal Society |url=http://royalsociety.org/News.aspx?id=1324&terms=Newton+beats+Einstein+in+polls+of+scientists+and+the+public}}</ref>
 
<ref name="tiner">{{cite book|last=Tiner |first=J.H. |date=1975 |title=Isaac Newton: Inventor, Scientist and Teacher |publisher=Mott Media |location=Milford, Michigan, U.S. |isbn=978-0-915134-95-3}}</ref>
 
<ref name="wmabbey">{{cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/sir-isaac-newton|title=Famous People & the Abbey: Sir Isaac Newton|publisher=Westminster Abbey|accessdate=13 November 2009}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Whittaker">[[E. T. Whittaker|Whittaker, E. T.]], ''A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity'', Dublin University Press, 1910.</ref>}}
 
==Marejeo mengine==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Ball|first=W.W. Rouse|title=A Short Account of the History of Mathematics|location=New York|publisher=Dover|date=1908|isbn=978-0-486-20630-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Christianson|first=Gale|title=In the Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton & His Times|location=New York|publisher=Free Press|date=1984|isbn=978-0-02-905190-0}} This well documented work provides, in particular, valuable information regarding Newton's knowledge of [[Patristics]]
* {{cite journal|last=Craig|first=John|title=Isaac Newton&nbsp;– Crime Investigator|journal=Nature|date=1958|volume=182|issue=4629|pages=149–52|doi=10.1038/182149a0|bibcode=1958Natur.182..149C}}
* {{cite journal|last=Craig|first=John|title=Isaac Newton and the Counterfeiters|journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London |volume=18|issue=2|date=1963|pages=136–45|doi=10.1098/rsnr.1963.0017}}
* {{cite book|last=Levenson|first=Thomas|title= Newton and the Counterfeiter: The Unknown Detective Career of the World's Greatest Scientist|publisher=Mariner Books|date=2010|isbn=978-0-547-33604-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Manuel|first=Frank E|title=A Portrait of Isaac Newton|date=1968|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James|title=Calculus: Concepts and Contexts|publisher=Cengage Learning|date=2009|isbn=978-0-495-55742-5|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Richard S. Westfall|last=Westfall|first=Richard S.|title=Never at Rest|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1980|isbn=978-0-521-27435-7|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28westfall%29%20newton}}
* {{cite book|last=Westfall|first=Richard S.|title=Isaac Newton|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2007|isbn=978-0-19-921355-9|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Westfall|first=Richard S.|title=The Life of Isaac Newton|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1994|isbn=978-0-521-47737-6|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28westfall%29%20newton}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Michael White (author)|title=Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer|first=Michael|last=White|publisher=Fourth Estate Limited|date=1997|isbn=978-1-85702-416-6|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
 
==Marejeo mengine tena==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Andrade|first=E.N.De C.|title=Isaac Newton|publisher=Chanticleer Press|location=New York|date=1950|isbn=978-0-8414-3014-3}}
* Bardi, Jason Socrates. ''The Calculus Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest Mathematical Clash of All Time'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1560259922 excerpt and text search]
* {{cite book|last=Bechler|first=Zev|title=Newton's Physics and the Conceptual Structure of the Scientific Revolution|date=1991|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7923-1054-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Bechler|first=Zev|title=Contemporary Newtonian Research (Studies in the History of Modern Science)(Volume 9)|date=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-9400977174}}
* Berlinski, David. ''Newton's Gift: How Sir Isaac Newton Unlocked the System of the World.'' (2000); {{isbn|0-684-84392-7}}
* Buchwald, Jed Z. and Cohen, I. Bernard (eds.) ''Isaac Newton's Natural Philosophy'', [[MIT Press]] (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262524252 excerpt and text search]
* {{cite journal|last=Casini|first= P|title=Newton's Principia and the Philosophers of the Enlightenment|journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London|date=1988|volume=42|issue=1|pages=35–52|issn=0035-9149|doi=10.1098/rsnr.1988.0006|jstor=531368}}
* {{cite book|last=Christianson|first=Gale E.|title=Isaac Newton and the Scientific Revolution|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=1996|isbn=978-0-19-530070-3}} See [https://www.amazon.com/dp/019530070X this site] for excerpt and text search.
* {{cite book|last=Christianson|first=Gale|title=In the Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton & His Times|location=New York|publisher=Free Press|date=1984|isbn=978-0-02-905190-0}}
* Cohen, I. Bernard and Smith, George E., ed. ''The Cambridge Companion to Newton.'' (2002). 500 pp. focuses on philosophical issues only; [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521656966 excerpt and text search]; [https://www.questia.com/read/105054986 complete edition online]
* {{cite book|last=Cohen|first=I.B.|title=The Newtonian Revolution|date=1980|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22964-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Craig|first=John|title=Newton at the Mint|date=1946|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England}}
* {{cite book|last=Dampier|first=William C.|last2=Dampier|first2=M.|title=Readings in the Literature of Science|publisher=Harper & Row|location=New York|date=1959|isbn=978-0-486-42805-5}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Richard de Villamil|last=de Villamil|first= Richard|title=Newton, the Man|publisher=G.D. Knox|location=London, UK|date=1931}}&nbsp;– Preface by Albert Einstein. Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York (1972)
* {{cite book|last=Dobbs|first=B.J.T.|title=The Foundations of Newton's Alchemy or "The Hunting of the Greene Lyon"|date=1975|publisher=Cambridge University Press|place=Cambridge}}
* [[Eamon Duffy]], "Far from the Tree" (review of Rob Iliffe, ''Priest of Nature: the Religious Worlds of Isaac Newton'', Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, {{ISBN|9780199995356}}), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXV, no. 4 (8 March 2018), pp. 28–29.
* {{cite book|last=Gjertsen|first=Derek|title=The Newton Handbook|publisher=Routledge|location=London, UK|date=1986|isbn=978-0-7102-0279-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Gleick|first= James|title=Isaac Newton|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|date=2003|isbn=978-0-375-42233-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Halley|first=E.|title=Review of Newton's Principia|date=1687|journal=Philosophical Transactions|volume=186|pages=291–97}}
* [[Stephen Hawking|Hawking, Stephen]], ed. ''On the Shoulders of Giants''. {{isbn|0-7624-1348-4}} Places selections from Newton's ''Principia'' in the context of selected writings by Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Einstein
* {{cite book|last=Herivel|first= J. W.|title=The Background to Newton's Principia. A Study of Newton's Dynamical Researches in the Years 1664–84|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|date=1965 }}
* {{cite book|last=Iliffe |first=Rob |title=Priest of Nature: the religious worlds of Isaac Newton |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199995356 |year=2017 }}
* {{cite book|author-link=John Maynard Keynes|last=Keynes|first= John Maynard |title=Essays in Biography |publisher=W. W. Norton & Co |date=1963 |isbn=978-0-393-00189-1}} Keynes took a close interest in Newton and owned many of Newton's private papers.
* {{cite book|last=Koyré|first= A |title=Newtonian Studies|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=1965}}
* Newton, Isaac. ''Papers and Letters in Natural Philosophy'', edited by [[I. Bernard Cohen]]. [[Harvard University Press]], 1958, 1978; {{isbn|0-674-46853-8}}.
* Newton, Isaac (1642–1727). ''The Principia'': a new Translation, Guide by I. Bernard Cohen; {{isbn|0-520-08817-4}}, University of California (1999)
* {{Cite journal|last=Pemberton|first=H.|title=A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy|journal=The Physics Teacher|volume=4|issue=1|pages=8–9|date=1728|bibcode=1966PhTea...4....8M|doi=10.1119/1.2350900}}
* {{cite book|last=Shamos|first= Morris H. |title=Great Experiments in Physics |location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt and Company, Inc. |date=1959 |isbn=978-0-486-25346-6 }}
* Shapley, Harlow, S. Rapport, and H. Wright. ''A Treasury of Science''; "Newtonia" pp.&nbsp;147–9; "Discoveries" pp.&nbsp;150–4. Harper & Bros., New York, (1946).
* {{cite book|last=Simmons|first=J|title=The Giant Book of Scientists&nbsp;– The 100 Greatest Minds of all Time|location=Sydney|publisher=The Book Company|date=1996}}
* {{cite book|last=Stukeley|first=W.|title=Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life|publisher=Taylor and Francis|place=London, UK|date=1936}} (edited by A.H. White; originally published in 1752)
* Trabue, J. “Ann and Arthur Storer of Calvert County, Maryland, Friends of Sir Isaac Newton,” ''[[The American Genealogist]]'' 79 (2004): 13–27.
* {{cite book|last=Westfall|first=R.S.|title=Force in Newton's Physics: The Science of Dynamics in the Seventeenth Century|location=London, UK|publisher=Macdonald|date=1971|isbn=978-0-444-19611-8}}
{{refend}}
 
'''Dini'''
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* Dobbs, Betty Jo Tetter. ''The Janus Faces of Genius: The Role of Alchemy in Newton's Thought.'' (1991), links the alchemy to Arianism
* Force, James E., and Richard H. Popkin, eds. ''Newton and Religion: Context, Nature, and Influence.'' (1999), pp. xvii, 325; 13 papers by scholars using newly opened manuscripts
* {{cite journal|last1=Pfizenmaier|first1=Thomas C.|date=January 1997|title = Was Isaac Newton an Arian?|jstor=3653988|journal=Journal of the History of Ideas | volume = 58|issue=1|pages=57–80|doi=10.1353/jhi.1997.0001|bibcode=1961JHI....22..215C}}
* Ramati, Ayval. "The Hidden Truth of Creation: Newton's Method of Fluxions" ''British Journal for the History of Science'' 34: 417–38. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4028372 in JSTOR], argues that his calculus had a theological basis
* Snobelen, Stephen "'God of Gods, and Lord of Lords': The Theology of Isaac Newton's General Scholium to the Principia", ''Osiris'' 2nd series, Vol. 16, (2001), pp.&nbsp;169–208 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/301985 in JSTOR]
* {{cite journal|last1=Snobelen|first1=Stephen D.|title=Isaac Newton, Heretic: The Strategies of a Nicodemite|jstor=4027945|journal=British Journal for the History of Science|volume=32|pages=381–419|doi=10.1017/S0007087499003751|date=1999|issue=4}}
* Wiles, Maurice. ''Archetypal Heresy. Arianism through the Centuries.'' (1996) 214 pages, with chapter 4 on eighteenth century England; pp.&nbsp;77–93 on Newton, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DGksMzk37hMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Arianism+through+the+Centuries%22 excerpt and text search].
{{refend}}
 
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Isaac Newton}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Isaac_Newton.ogg|2008-07-30}}
{{Sister project links|s=Author:Isaac Newton|wikt=no|n=no|b=Introduction to Astrophysics/Historical Context/Isaac Newton}}
* {{Britannica|413189|Sir Isaac Newton}}
* {{librivox author|Isaac+Newton}}
* {{GoogleScholar|id=xJaxiEEAAAAJ}}
* [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html ScienceWorld biography] by [[Eric Weisstein]]
* [http://www.chlt.org/sandbox/lhl/dsb/page.50.a.php Dictionary of Scientific Biography]
* [http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=1 "The Newton Project"]
* [https://makingscience.royalsociety.org/s/rs/people/fst01801333 Science in the Making] Isaac Newton's papers in the Royal Society's archives
* [http://www.isaacnewton.ca/ "The Newton Project&nbsp;– Canada"]
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/newton/ "Newton's Dark Secrets"]&nbsp;– [[Nova (TV series)|NOVA]] TV programme
* from ''The [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]:''
** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton/ "Isaac Newton"], by George Smith
** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/ "Newton's ''Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica''"], by George Smith
** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-philosophy/ "Newton's Philosophy"], by Andrew Janiak
** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-stm/ "Newton's views on space, time, and motion"], by Robert Rynasiewicz
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207225233/http://tqnyc.org/NYC051308/index.htm "Newton's Castle"]&nbsp;– educational material
* [http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/newton "The Chymistry of Isaac Newton"], research on his alchemical writings
* [https://archive.is/20030513080422/http://hss.fullerton.edu/philosophy/GeneralScholium.htm The "General Scholium" to Newton's ''Principia'']
* Kandaswamy, Anand M. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081007101707/http://www.math.rutgers.edu/courses/436/Honors02/newton.html "''The Newton/Leibniz Conflict in Context''"]
* [http://www.phaser.com/modules/historic/newton/index.html Newton's First ODE]&nbsp;– A study by on how Newton approximated the solutions of a first-order ODE using infinite series
* {{MathGenealogy|id=74313}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061213222519/http://www.ltrc.mcmaster.ca/newton/ "The Mind of Isaac Newton"]&nbsp;– images, audio, animations and interactive segments
* [http://www.enlighteningscience.sussex.ac.uk/home Enlightening Science] Videos on Newton's biography, optics, physics, reception, and on his views on science and religion
* [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Newton.html Newton biography (University of St Andrews)]
* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Newton, Sir Isaac |volume=19 |page=583–592 |short=x}}
* {{UK National Archives ID}}
* {{NPG name|name=Sir Isaac Newton}}
* The [[Linda Hall Library]] has digitized [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/search/searchterm/Canon%20Chronicus%20Aegyptiacus/field/title/mode/exact/conn/and/order/nosort Two copies of John Marsham's (1676) ''Canon Chronicus Aegyptiacus''], one of which was [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/philsci/id/139 owned by Isaac Newton], who marked salient passages by dog-earing the pages so that the corners acted as arrows. The books can be compared side-by-side to show what interested Newton.
* {{PM20|FID=pe/012877}}
 
'''Maandishi ya Newton'''
* [http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=43 Newton's works&nbsp;– full texts, at the Newton Project]
* [http://web.nli.org.il/sites/NLI/English/collections/Humanities/Pages/newton.aspx The Newton Manuscripts at the National Library of Israel&nbsp;– the collection of all his religious writings]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Newton,+Isaac,+Sir | name=Isaac Newton}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Isaac Newton}}
* {{Librivox author |id=2836}}
* [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/ ''Descartes, Space, and Body'' and ''A New Theory of Light and Colour''], modernised readable versions by Jonathan Bennett
* [https://archive.org/stream/opticksoratreat00newtgoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''Opticks, or a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light''], full text on [[archive.org]]
* [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/newton "Newton Papers"]&nbsp;– Cambridge Digital Library
* (1686) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/15635 "A letter of Mr. Isaac Newton... containing his new theory about light and colors"], ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'', Vol. XVI, No. 179, pp.&nbsp;3057–3087.&nbsp;– digital facsimile at the [[Linda Hall Library]]
* (1704) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/3080 ''Opticks'']&nbsp;– digital facsimile at the [[Linda Hall Library]]
* (1719) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/33634 ''Optice'']&nbsp;– digital facsimile at the [[Linda Hall Library]]
* (1729) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/35921 ''Lectiones opticae'']&nbsp;– digital facsimile at the [[Linda Hall Library]]
* (1749) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/35293 ''Optices libri tres'']&nbsp;– digital facsimile at the [[Linda Hall Library]]
 
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Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton"