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Shirika la ndege : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' thumb|Tangazo la "Europe to South America in 3 Days" '''Shirika la ndege''' ni kampuni i...'
 
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[[File:Europe to South American in 3 Days Poster (19482266291).jpg|thumb|Tangazo la "Europe to South America in 3 Days"]]
'''Shirika la ndege''' ni [[kampuni]] inayotoa [[huduma]] ya [[usafiri wa anga wa kiraia]] kwa [[abiria]] na [[mizigo]]. Mashirika ya ndege hutumia [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] kutoa huduma hizi. Kawaida, mashirika haya hupewa [[leseni]] na [[idara]] husika ya [[serikali]]. ▼
 
Mashirika ya ndege hutofautiana kwa ukubwa, toka mashirika ya ndege madogo ya safari za ndani na mashirika makubwa ya safari za kimataifa. Shirika la ndege kubwa kuliko yote [[duniani]] ni {{when?|date=April 2019}} [[American Airlines Group]].▼
▲'''Shirika la ndege''' ni kampuni inayotoa huduma ya [[usafiri wa anga wa kiraia]] kwa [[abiria]] na [[mizigo]]. Mashirika ya ndege hutumia [[ndege]] kutoa huduma hizi. Kawaida, mashirika haya hupewa leseni na idara husika ya serikali.
 
▲Mashirika ya ndege hutofautiana kwa ukubwa, toka mashirika ya ndege madogo ya safari za ndani na mashirika makubwa ya safari za kimataifa. Shirika la ndege kubwa kuliko yote duniani ni {{when?|date=April 2019}} [[American Airlines Group]].
 
==Historia==
===Mashirika ya ndege ya kwanza===
[[DELAG]], ''Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft I'' ndiondilo shirika la ndege la kwanza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airships.net/delag-passenger-zeppelins |title=DELAG: The World's First Airline, using dirgibles. |publisher=Airships.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Lilianzishwa [[Novemba 16]], [[1909]] kwa msaada wa serikali na kumiliki ndege zilizotengenezwa na [[Zeppelin|Zeppelin Corporation]]. [[Makao makuu|Makao yake makuu]] yalikuwa [[Frankfurt]].

Safari ya kwanza ya ndege ilikuwa [[Januari 1]], [[1914]], toka [[St. Petersburg, Florida]], kwenda [[Tampa, Florida]], kwa ndege iliyomilikiwa na St. Petersburg and Tampa Airboat Line.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.space.com/16657-worlds-first-commercial-airline-the-greatest-moments-in-flight.html|title=World’s First Commercial Airline {{!}} The Greatest Moments in Flight|work=Space.com|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref>

Mashirika ya ndege ambayo yamekuwepo kwa muda mrefu zaidi ni [[KLM]] (1919),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.klm.com/corporate/en/about-klm/history/index.html|title=History - KLM Corporate|access-date=2017-10-14|language=nl-en}}</ref> [[Avianca]] (1919),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aviancaholdings.com/en/history|title=History - Avianca Holdings S.A. - www.aviancaholdings.com|website=www.aviancaholdings.com|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> [[Qantas]] (1921),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/history-founders/global/en|title=Founders of Qantas {{!}} Qantas|website=www.qantas.com|language=en-AU|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> na [[Czech Airlines]] (1923).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csa.cz/cz-en/about-us/|title=About Us {{!}} Czech Airlines|website=ČSA.cz|language=en|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref>
 
===Mashirika ya ndege ya Ulaya===
====Mwanzoni====
[[File:Klm-poster-1919.jpg|thumb|upright|Tangazo la [[KLM]] mwaka 1919, founded on 7 October 1919, the [[List of airlines by foundation date|shirika zee la ndege linalotumia jina lake la asili]]]]
 
[[File:Tanken van een vliegtuig Airplane provided with fuel.jpg|thumb|Ndege aina ya [[Handley Page Type W|Handley Page W.8b]] ilitumia na [[Handley Page Transport]], shirika la ndege Uingereza lililoanzishwa mwaka 1919.]]
The earliest fixed wing airline in Europe was Shirika la ndege lenyezenye [[mabawa]] yasiyozunguka la mwanzo huko [[Ulaya]] ni [[Aircraft Transport and Travel]], lililoanzishwa na [[George Holt Thomas]] mwaka [[1916]]. [[Shirika la Ndege la Uingereza]] linatokana na shirika hili. Shirika hili lilitumia ndege zilizokuwa za kijeshi na kuzibadilisha ili ziweze kubeba [[abiria]]. ▼
 
[[Agosti 25]], [[1919]], shirika lilitumia ndege aina ya [[Airco DH.16|DH.16s]] kwa safari za ndege toka [[Hounslow Heath Aerodrome]] kwenda [[Le Bourget]]. Shirika hili lilipata sifa kubwa pamoja na matatizo ya [[hali ya hewa]]. The airline soon gained a reputation for reliability, despite problems with bad weather, and began to attract European competition. Novemba 1919, shirika hili lilipata [[mkataba]] wa kusafirisha [[barua]] nchini [[Uingereza]]. Ndege sita za [[Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza]] aina ya [[Airco DH.9A]] zilitumiwa na shirika hili kusafirisha barua kati ya [[Hawkinge]] na [[Cologne]]. Mwaka [[1920]], ndege hizi zilirudishwa kwa [[jeshi]] hilo.<ref>''The Putnam Aeronautical Review'' edited by John Motum, p170 Volume one 1990 Naval Institute Press</ref>▼
▲The earliest fixed wing airline in Europe was Shirika la ndege lenye mabawa yasiyozunguka la mwanzo huko [[Ulaya]] ni [[Aircraft Transport and Travel]], lililoanzishwa na [[George Holt Thomas]] mwaka 1916. [[Shirika la Ndege la Uingereza]] linatokana na shirika hili. Shirika hili lilitumia ndege zilizokuwa za kijeshi na kuzibadilisha ili ziweze kubeba abiria.
 
▲Agosti 25, 1919, shirika lilitumia ndege aina ya [[Airco DH.16|DH.16s]] kwa safari za ndege toka [[Hounslow Heath Aerodrome]] kwenda [[Le Bourget]]. Shirika hili lilipata sifa kubwa pamoja na matatizo ya [[hali ya hewa]]. The airline soon gained a reputation for reliability, despite problems with bad weather, and began to attract European competition. Novemba 1919, shirika hili lilipata mkataba wa kusafirisha barua nchini Uingereza. Ndege sita za [[Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza]] aina ya [[Airco DH.9A]] zilitumiwa na shirika hili kusafirisha barua kati ya [[Hawkinge]] na [[Cologne]]. Mwaka 1920, ndege hizi zilirudishwa kwa jeshi hilo.<ref>''The Putnam Aeronautical Review'' edited by John Motum, p170 Volume one 1990 Naval Institute Press</ref>
 
Mashirika mengine ya ndege nchinchini Uingereza yalifuata – [[Handley Page Transport]] liliundwa mwaka 1919 likitumia ndege aina ya [[Handley Page Type O|Type O/400]] yenye kubeba abiria 12,<ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1961/1961%20-%200055.PDF</ref> kwa safari za [[London]]-[[Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airlinehistory.co.uk/Airline%20History/History1903.asp|title=Airline History 1903 to 1919|website=www.airlinehistory.co.uk|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref>
 
Shirika la kwanza la ndege la [[Ufaransa]] lilikuwa ni [[Aéropostale (aviation)|Société des lignes Latécoère]], baadaye lilitwaliliitwa Aéropostale, ambalo lilianza kazi mwaka [[1918]] kwa safari za kwenda [[Hispania]]. [[Société Générale des Transports Aériens]] liliundwa mwishoni mwa 1919, na wana ndugu wa [[Farman]] na ndege ya [[Farman F.60 Goliath]] ilisafirisha watu kati ya [[Toussus-le-Noble]] na [[Kenley]], karibu na [[Croydon]], Uingereza. Kampuni nyingine nchini Ufaransa ilikuwa ni [[Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes]], iliyoundwa mwaka 1919 na [[Louis-Charles Breguet]], ikisafirisha barua na mizigo kati ya [[Paris – Le Bourget Airport|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Le Bourget]], [[Paris]] na [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Lesquin]], [[Lille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/world/1919.cfm |title=World Aviation in 1919 - Part 1 |publisher=Royal Air Force Museum |accessdate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105130943/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/world/1919.cfm |archivedate=5 January 2011 |df= }}</ref>
 
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00007, Berlin, Start eines Junkers-Flugzeuges.jpg|thumb| [[Junkers F.13]] ''D-190'' of [[Junkers Luftverkehr]]]]
Shirika la ndege la Ujerumani la [[Deutsche Luft-Reederei]] liliundwa mwaka [[1917]] na kuanza kazi Februari 1919. Shirika lingine la Ujerumani lilikuwa ni [[Junkers Luftverkehr]], lililoanza kazi mwaka [[1921]]. Liliendesha ubia wa mashirika ya ndege nchini [[Austria]], [[Denmaki]], [[Estonia]], [[Ufini]], Hungari[[Hungaria]], [[Latvia]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Uswidi]] na [[Uswisi]][[]].
 
Shirika la ndege la [[Uholanzi]] [[KLM]] lilifanya safari ya kwanza ya ndege mwaka [[1920]], na ndio shirika zee kabisa duniani. Shirika hili liliundwa na [[Albert Plesman]],<ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Directory of Company Histories|year=1999|volume=28|title=Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, N.V. History| url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/koninklijke-luchtvaart-maatschappij-n-v-history/|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> Safari yake ya kwanza ilikuwa ni kutoka [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Croydon]], [[London]] kwenda [[Amsterdam]].
 
Huko Ufini, shirika la Aero O/Y (hivi sasa [[Finnair]]) liliundwa huko [[Helsinki]] Septemba 12, 1923. Safari yake ya kwanza ilikuwa ni kati ya Helsinki na [[Tallinn]], mji mkuu wa[[Estonia]], Machi 20, 1924.
 
[[Muungano wa Kisovyeti]] uliunda Chief Administration of the Civil Air Fleet mwaka 1921. Huduma za safari za ndani za ndege zilianza Julai 15, 1923 kati ya [[Moscow]] na [[Nizhni Novgorod]]. Toka mwaka 1932 shirika hili limekuwa likitumia jina la [[Aeroflot]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/us-en/about/history|title=Aeroflot History {{!}} Aeroflot|website=www.aeroflot.ru|language=en|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref>.
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==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
 
==BibliographiaKusoma zaidi==
# "A history of the world's airlines", [[R. E. G. Davies|R.E.G. Davies]], Oxford U.P, 1964
# "The airline encyclopedia, 1909–2000.” Myron J. Smith, Scarecrow Press, 2002
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*[https://complain.biz/help/how-to-complain-about-airlines/ Jinsi ya kutoa malalamiko kuhusu huduma za mashirika ya ndege]
 
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