Kifua kikuu : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Takribani 90% ya watu walioambukizwa ‘‘M. kifua kikuu'' na [[Dalili]], maambukizi ya TB (wakati mwingine huitwa LTBI). <ref name=Book90>{{cite book|last=Skolnik|first=Richard|title=Global health 101|year=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-9751-5|pages=253|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=sBQRpj4uWmYC&pg=PA253|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> na tu 10% maisha nafasi ya kuwa maambukizi fiche itakuwa maendeleo ya ugonjwa ya wazi, kazi ya kifua kikuu. <ref name=Arch2009> {{cite book|last=editors|first=Arch G. Mainous III, Claire Pomeroy,|title=Management of antimicrobials in infectious diseases : impact of antibiotic resistance. year=2009|publisher=Humana location=Totowa, N.J.|isbn=978-1-60327-238-4|pages=74|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=hwVFAPLYznsC&pg=PA74|edition=2nd rev. ed.}}</ref> Katika wale wanaoishi na H.I.V, hatari ya kupatwa na TB hai inaongezeka hadi 10% karibu mwaka. <ref name=Arch2009/> Kama matibabu ya ufanisi hawakujaliwa, kiwango cha kifo kwa kesi kazi TB ni hadi 66%. <ref name=WHO2012data/>
 
TB maambukizi huanza wakati mycobacteria [[Pulmonary alveolus pulmonary alveoli]], ambapo wao kuvamia na kuiga ndani [[endosomes]] ya alveolar [[macrophages]] tundu la mapafu.<ref name=Robbins/><ref name=Houben>{{cite journal |author=Houben E, Nguyen L, Pieters J | title=Interaction of pathogenic mycobacteria with the host immune system |journal=Curr Opin Microbiol | volume=9 | issue=1 | pages=76–85 | year=2006 | pmid=16406837 | doi=10.1016/j.mib.2005.12.014}}</ref> tovuti ya msingi ya maambukizi katika mapafu, unaojulikana kama "[[Lengo Ghon focus]]", ni kwa ujumla iko katika sehemu ama juu ya tundu ya chini, au sehemu ya chini ya [[pafu|tundu juu]].<ref name=Robbins/> Kifua kikuu cha mapafu pia huweza kutokea kupitia maambukizi kutoka mkondo wa damu, Hii inajulikana kama [[lengo Simon]]. A Simon focus na ni kawaida kupatikana katika kilele cha mapafu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khan|title=Essence Of Paediatrics|year=2011|publisher=Elsevier India|isbn=978813122803|pages=401|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=gERCc6KTxwoC&pg=PA401}}</ref> maambukizi haya ya hematogenous yanaweza pia kusambaza maambukizi kwa maeneo ya mbali zaidi, kama vile nodiya limfu ya pembeni, mafigo, ubongo na mifupa.<ref name=Robbins/><ref name=Herrmann_2005>{{cite journal |author=Herrmann J, Lagrange P |title=Dendritic cells and ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'': which is the Trojan horse? |journal=Pathol Biol (Paris) |volume=53 |issue=1|pages=35–40 |year=2005|pmid = 15620608 |doi=10.1016/j.patbio.2004.01.004}}</ref> Maeneo yote ya mwili yanaweza kuathirika kwa ugonjwa huo, ingawa kwa sababu isiyojulikana ni mara chache tu huathiri [[moyo]], [[skeletal misuli ]]s, [[kongosho]] , au [[tezi]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D |pmc=1090580 |title=Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity? |journal=BMCInfectDis |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=29 |year=2005|pmid=15857515 |doi=10.1186/1471-2334-5-29}}</ref>
 
Kifua Kikuu huainishwa kama moja ya magonjwa [[granuloma]] ya inflamesheni tatizi. [[Macrophage]]s, [[T cell|T lymphocytes]], [[B cell|B lymphocytes]], na [[fibroblast]]s ni miongoni mwa seli zinazoungana kuunda limfu [[granuloma]]s. [[Lymphocytes]] na lymphocytes jirani macrophages kwa walioambukizwa. Granuloma huzuia usambazaji wa mycobacteria na hutoa mazingira ya mahali hapo kwa ajili ya mwingiliano wa seli ya mfumo wa kinga. Bakteria ndani ya granuloma inawezalala, kusababisha maambukizi ya fiche. Kipengele kingine cha granulomas ni maendeleo ya kifo isiyo ya kawaida katikati ([[necrosis]]) katika kituo cha [[Tubercle (anatomia)|tubercles]]. Kwa jicho uchi, hii ina umbo la jibini laini, nyeupe na inaitwa [[caseous]] [[necrosis]]. <ref name=Grosset> {{cite journal |author=Grosset J |title=Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Extracellular Compartment: an Underestimated Adversary |journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother |volume=47|issue=3 |pages=833–6 |year=2003|pmid = 12604509|doi = 10.1128/AAC.47.3.833-836.2003 |pmc=149338}} </ref>