Mashapo : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Mstari 3:
'''Mashapo''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: [[sediment]]) ni vipande vidogo vya [[mata]] thabiti vilivyovunjika na [[nguvu]] za [[maji]], [[barafu]], [[upepo]], kwa njia ya [[mmomonyoko]] na mabadiliko ya [[halijoto]], halafu kusafirishwa na maji, barafu, upepo au mvuto wa [[graviti]].
Vipande hivyo vilivyovunjika hutokea kama [[matope]], [[mchanga]] na [[Jiwe|mawe]]. Vikivyosafirishwa na maji ya [[mto]] vinabaki chini baadaye, wakati nguvu ya maji inapungua. Sehemu kubwa inafika baharini; kiasi cha mashapo yote kutoka mito yanayoishia baharini ni vigumu kutaja kwa uhakika, kiliwahi kukadiriwa kuwa tani 13.5-15 x 10 (tani bilioni 15)<small><sup>9</sup></small><ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30060512?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Afa69a60655f001005c6598e181ca29ae&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents John D. Milliman & Robert H. Meade: World-Wide Delivery of River Sediment to the Oceans], The Journal of Geology Vol. 91, No. 1 (Jan., 1983), pp. 1-21</ref> hadi tani bilioni 20<ref>[https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/WR004i004p00737 John N. Holeman: The Sediment Yield of Major Rivers of the World], Water Resources Research, First published: August 1968 https://doi.org/10.1029/WR004i004p00737</ref> kila mwaka
Hasa katika maeneo ya [[mafuriko]] ya kujirudia mashapo yaliyobaki hufunikwa tena na mashapo mapya ambayo kwa njia hiyo yanaweza kujenga [[tabaka|matabaka]] manene ya [[ardhi]] au ya mawe. Katika [[muda]] wa [[milioni]] za miaka matabaka hayo ya mashapo yanaweza kubadilishwa kuwa [[mwamba mashapo]].
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