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Ndui : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Mstari 1:
[[Image:Child with Smallpox Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|250px|Mtoto wa [[Bangladesh]] aliyepatwa na ndui mwaka 1973.]]
'''Ndui''' (kwa [[ing.Kiingereza]]: ''smallpox'') ilikuwa [[ugonjwa wa kuambukiza]] uliosababishwa na aina mbili za [[virusi]]: Variola major na Variola minor.
 
Ulikuwa unaleta [[kifo]] cha waliopatwa kwa [[asilimia]] 30-35, lakini zaidi kati ya [[watoto]].
Mstari 7:
 
==Historia==
Inakadiriwa ulikuwepo tangu miaka ya [[10,00010000 KK]] hadi [[mwaka]] [[1977]].
 
Chanzo chake hakijulikani lakini kuna [[dalili]] ya kwamba ilitokea mapema sana katika [[Misri ya Kale]]<ref>Shchelkunov SN (December 2011). "Emergence and reemergence of smallpox: the need for development of a new generation smallpox vaccine". Vaccine. 29 Suppl 4: D49–53. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.037. PMID 22185833.</ref>. Kuna dalili ya kwambaPengine [[farao]] [[Ramses V]] alikuwa [[mgonjwa]] wa kwanza anayejulikana kutokana na [[utafiti]] wa [[mumia]] yake<ref>[http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/202495/1/WH_1980_May_p22-26_eng.pdf Hopkins, Donald. "Ramses V:Earliest known victim?" (PDF). WHO imeangaliwa 30-03-2016 ]</ref>. Labda imepelekwa Uhindini na wafanyabiashara Wamisri mnamo miaka 1500 KK. Ugonjwa uliua watu wengio huko Ulaya<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&pg=PA151&dq=&lr=&hl=en&cd=23#v=onepage&q&f=false J. N. Hays (2005). "Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history". ABC-CLIO. p.151. ISBN 1-85109-658-2]</ref>, Asia na Afrika ilikosambaa pia.
 
Labda ilipelekwa [[Uhindi]] na [[wafanyabiashara]] Wamisri mnamo [[miaka ya 1500 KK]]. Ugonjwa uliua watu wengi huko [[Ulaya]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&pg=PA151&dq=&lr=&hl=en&cd=23#v=onepage&q&f=false J. N. Hays (2005). "Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history". ABC-CLIO. p.151. ISBN 1-85109-658-2]</ref>, [[Asia]] na [[Afrika]] ilikosambaa pia.
Matokeo ya ndui yalikuwa mabaya hasa huko Amerika ambako [[Waindio]] yaani wenyeji asilia waliwahi kuishi [[milenia]] nyingi bila mawasiliano na bila [[maambukizi]] kutoka sehemu nyingine za dunia hivyo walikosa kabisa kinga. Kwa mfano Wahispania waliweza kuvamia milki ya [[Azteki]] huko [[Mexiko]] kwa sababu wateteaji wa [[Tenochtitlan]] walidhoofishwa na ugionjwa uliopelekwa hapo na Wahispania.▼
 
▲Matokeo ya ndui yalikuwa mabaya hasa huko [[Amerika]] ambako [[Waindio]] yaani wenyejiwakazi asilia waliwahi kuishi [[milenia]] nyingi bila [[mawasiliano]] na bila [[maambukizi]] kutoka sehemu nyingine za [[dunia]], hivyo walikosa kabisa [[Kingamwili|kinga]]. Kwa mfano [[Wahispania]] waliweza kuvamia [[milki]] ya [[Azteki]] huko [[Mexiko]] kwa sababu wateteaji wa [[Tenochtitlan]] walidhoofishwa na ugionjwaugonjwa uliopelekwa hapo na Wahispania.
 
Mwaka [[1967]] tu ndui iliua watu [[milioni]] mbili na katika [[karne ya 20]] kwa jumla milioni 300 au 500.
 
== Chanjo ==
[[Picha:Poster for vaccination against smallpox.jpg|thumb|Tangazo la kuhamasisha watu kushiriki katika chanjo laya ndui.]]
Nchini [[China]] na Uhindi ilijulikana tangu kale kwamba kumdunga mtu kwa [[majimaji]] kutoka [[kidonda|vidonda]] vya ndui kunasababisha [[homa]] kidogo lakini kunamkinga dhidi ya maambukizi makali<ref>Riedel, S (January 2005). "Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination". Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). 18 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028. PMC 1200696. <nowiki>PMID 16200144</nowiki>.</ref> hata kama takriban [[asilimia]] 1-2 ya watu waliodungwa vile walikufa<ref>Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, McIntyre L, Wolfe S, eds. (2005). "Smallpox" (PDF). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) (9th ed.). Washington DC: Public Health Foundation. pp. 281–306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2010.</ref>.

Mnamo [[1796]] [[tabibu]] [[Mwingereza]] [[Edward Jenner]] alitambua kwamba kumdunga mtu kwa majimaji ya vidonda vya ndui ya [[ng'ombe]] kunamkinga pia dhidi ya ndui wa kibinadamu, lakini bila matatizo yale yaliyoweza kutokea kwenye mbinu waya awali. <ref>Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, McIntyre L, Wolfe S, eds. (2005). "Smallpox" (PDF). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) (9th ed.). Washington DC: Public Health Foundation. pp. 281–306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2010</ref> Chanjo hilihiyo liliboreshwailiboreshwa na kupunguza kutokea kwa ndui, Nchi nyingi duniani ziliweka taratibu za kutoa chanjo kwa [[watoto]] wote. Tangu mwaka 1967 [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] WHO lilianzisha mradi wa kutafuta wagonjwa wa mwisho wa ndui na kuwatibu. Mgonjwa wa mwisho alipatikana nchini [[Somalia]] kwenye mwaka 1976<ref>Fenner, uk. 527-536</ref>.
 
Tangu siku zile ndui ni ugonjwa wa kwanza ambao [[binadamu]] kwa njia ya [[chanjo]] alifaulu kuukomesha.
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* [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=pox Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae]
 
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[[Jamii:Virusi]]
 
[[Jamii:Maradhi ya kuambukiza]]
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