Gereza : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

[[Picha:Clinton correctional facility, Dannemora, NY, 2007.jpg|250px|thumb|Gereza kwenye [[jimbo lla New York]], Marekani.]]

'''Gereza''' (pia: '''jela''', ing.kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''prison, jail'') ni mahali ambako watu wanalazimishwa kukaa wakishikwa kinyume cha matakwa yao.

Kwa kawaida hali ya kufungwa ndani ya gereza ni [[adhabu]] iliyotolewa na [[mahakama]] kwa mtu aliyevunja [[sheria]]. Mara nyingi watu hufungwa ndani pia wakishtakiwa tu kuvunja sheria wakisubiri [[kesi]] zao zisikiwe mahakamani.

Katika nchi kadhaa [[serikali]] inatumia gereza kufunga watu wanaopinga [[viongozi]] wa nchi au kukosoa serikali.

[[Asili]] ya [[neno]] la [[Kiswahili]] "gereza" ni [[Kireno]] "[[:pt:igreja|igreja]]" inayomaanisha "[[kanisa]]" (la kikristo[[Kikristo]]). Maana imebadilishwaimebadilika kwa sababu makanisa ya kwanza ya [[Wareno]] katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] yalijengwa ndani ya [[Boma|maboma]] yao. Kwa hiyo ilhali "igreja" ya Wareno ilikuwa ndani ya [[jengo]] imara ya [[ngome]] ilitokea kwamba ngome yenyewe ikaitwa hivyo. Hapo neno jipya "gereza" lilikuwa na maana ya "boma, ngome". Baadaye ngome hizo hazikuwa tena na kazi ya kijeshi kutokana na [[maendeleo]] ya [[teknolojia]] ya [[silaha]], hivyo zilitumiwa kama jela kutunza wafungwa. <ref>"Etymologically speaking, the Kiswahili word gereza (prison) comes from the Portuguese igreja meaning church. This semantic change can be attributed to hostility greeted on the Portuguese by the then Islamised coastal communities forcing them to build their churches within the precincts of the fortresses." Adika Stanley Kevogo & Alex Umbima Kevogo: Swahili Military Terminology: A Case of an Evolving NonInstitutionalized Language Standard, Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (Paper) 2224-5766, ISSN (Online) 2225-0484 Vol.4, No.21, 2014, imeangaliwa kupitia https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325157378</ref>

Neno "jela" limekopwa kutoka Kiingereza "jail" wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa Kiingereza.

[[Picha:CB1cell.jpg|thumb|Chumba cha mfungwa huko [[Montana]], Marekani.]]

[[Picha:Female prisoner shackled in her small cell.jpg|thumb|Chumba cha mfungwa wa kike anayeweza kuangaliwa muda wote.]]

Gereza kimsingi ni jengo linalolindwa na lenye [[Ukuta|kuta]] nene, [[Mlango|milango]] imara na [[Dirisha|madirisha]] yenye [[nondo]] zinazozuia kupita nje. Mara nyingi gereza huwa na majengo mbalimbali katika eneo kubwa lililoviringishwa kwa ukuta au fensi ya [[mwiba|miiba]]. [[Nyumba]] yaza wafungwa ziko pamoja na [[ofisi]] za [[walinzi]], mara nyingi pia karahana[[Karakana|karakana]] ambako wafungwa wanafanya [[kazi]], nyumba ya [[Jiko|jikoni]] na mengine. [[Mnara|Minara]] inakaliwa na walinzi.

[[chumba|Vyumba]] vya wafungwa ni tofauti kati ya gereza na gereza; kuna vyumba ambako wafungwa wengi hushikwa pamoja; kuna vyumba vya wafungwa wawili-wawili. Nchi zinazofuatana nazinazofuata [[haki za binadamu]] hulenga kumpa kila mfungwa chumba chake cha pekee akiwa na nafasi ya kukutana na wafungwa wengine, kama kazini, wakati wa [[chakula]] au kwneyekwenye vipindi vya [[michezo]]. Kumtenga kabisa mfungwa na wafungwa wengine ni adhabu ya nyongeza.