Major Depressive Disorder : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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'''Tatizo la kiakili linalosababisha huzuni kali kwa muda mrefu''' ('''MDD'''), linalojulikana tu kama '''huzuni''', ni [[tatizo la akili]] lililo na sifa za angalau wiki mbili za huzuni ambao upo kwa hali nyingi.<ref name=NIH2016/> Mara nyingi huambatana na upungufu wa [[kujithamini]], [[tatizo linalosababisha kutopata furaha kwa kila jambo (anhedonia)|kupoteza hamu]] kwa shughuli ambazo kwa kawaida zinafurahisha, nguvu za chini, na [[uchungu]] bila chanzo dhahiri.<ref name=NIH2016/> Watu pia mara kwa mara wanaweza kuwa na [[udanganyifu|imani za uongo]] au [[kuona au kusikia vitu ambavyo wengine hawawezi]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Watu wengine wana [[kisa cha tatizo la kiakili linalosababisha huzuni kali kwa muda mrefu|vipindi vya huzuni]] vinavyotenganishwa na miaka ambayo wapo sawa, huku wengine huwa na dalili karibu kila mara.<ref name=DSM5/> Tatizo la kiakili linalosababisha huzuni kali kwa muda mrefu unaweza kuiathiri vibaya maisha ya mtu, maisha ya kazi, au elimu, sawa na tabia za kulala, kula na afya kijumla.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/> Kati ya 2-8% ya watu wazima walio na tatizo la kiakili linalosababisha huzuni kali kwa muda mrefu hufa kwa [[kujiua]],<ref name=Rich2014>{{cite book|last1=Richards|first1=C. Steven|last2=O'Hara|first2=Michael W. |name-list-format=vanc |title=The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199797042|page=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jpsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Strakowski|first1=Stephen |last2=Nelson |first2=Erik |title=Major Depressive Disorder |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190264321 |page=PT27 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=nD8FCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref> na karibu 50% ya watu ambao hufa kwa kujitia kitanzi walikuwa na huzuni au tatizo jingine la [[hisia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachmann |first1=S |title=Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=6 July 2018 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=1425 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15071425 |pmid=29986446|pmc=6068947 |quote=Half of all completed suicides are related to depressive and other mood disorders}}</ref>