Jihadi : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[picha:Ansar_Dine_Rebels_-_VOA.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Kikundi cha waasi wa Kiislamu nchini Mali]]
'''Jihadi''' ni [[neno]] lenye [[asili]] ya [[Kiarabu]] (‏جهاد‎ ''jihād'') na lenye [[maana]] ya kujitahidi kwa ajili ya [[Allah]] katika [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]].
 
[[Mtu]] anayehusika katika jihadi huitwa "[[mujahid]]". Jihadi ni [[wajibu]] wa kidini kwa Waislamu.
 
==Jihadi katika Qurani==
Katika [[Qurani]] neno jihadi likolinapatikana mara 41, mara nyingi katika usemi "jihadi kwenye njia ya Mungu (الجهاد في سبيل الله ''al-jihad fi sabil Allah'')".<ref>{{cite book|title=Essential Islam: a comprehensive guide to belief and practice|last=Morgan |first=Diane|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=|isbn=0313360251|page=87 |pages=263|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=U94S6N2zECAC&pg=PA87|accessdate=5 Januari 2011}}</ref><ref name="Merriam">{{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Wendy Doniger]] | encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions | publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] | year=1999 | id=ISBN 087-7790442}}, ''Jihad'', p.571</ref><ref name="MIC">{{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Josef W. Meri]] | encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia | publisher=[[Routledge]] | year=2005 | id=ISBN 041-5966906}}, ''Jihad'', p.419</ref> . Katika Qurani "jihadi" huwa hasa na maana ya kijeshi<ref>Rudolph Peters: Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam. Markus Wiener Publishing Inc., 2005. S. 2. Vgl. Fred M. Donner: The Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War. In: John Kelsay und James Turner Johnson (ed.): Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions. Greenwood Press, 1991. S. 47</ref> lakini si wazi kama maana hiyo ilikuwa mapigano dhidi ya wenye imani tofauti kwa jumla au vita vya kujihami tu.
<ref>Rudolph Peters: Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam. Markus Wiener Publishing Inc., 2005. S. 2. Vgl. Fred M. Donner: The Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War. In: John Kelsay und James Turner Johnson (ed.): Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions. Greenwood Press, 1991. S. 47</ref> lakini si wazi kama maana hiyo ilikuwa mapigano dhidi ya wenye imani tofauti kwa jumla au vita vya kujihami tu.
 
==Jihadi katika mafundisho ya wataalamu wa shari'a==
Katika mafundisho waya [[wataalamu]] Waislamu wa [[karne]] za kwanza baada ya [[Muhammad]] jihadi ilikuwa na [[shabaha]] ya kupanua [[eneo]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa Uislamu na [[utetezi]] wake, hadi Uislamu ungekuwaugeuke [[dini tawalarasmi]].<ref>Linganisha: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Bd. 2, S. 538 („Djihad“): „In law, according to general doctrine and in historical tradition, the djihād consists of military action with the object of the expansion of Islam and, if need be, of its defence.“</ref>
 
Hii haikuwa na shabaha ya kuwalazimisha wote wasiokuwa Waislamu kupokea dini hiyo. Katika mafundisho ya wataalamu wa kale, wale walioitwa "[[Wapagani]]" walipaswa kushambuliwa hadi wakubali Uislamu au wauawe. Lakini watu wa "ahl al-kitab" (wenye [[misahafu]]) yaani [[Wakristo]], [[Wayahudi]] na [[Wasabayi]] walipewa nafasi ya kukubali [[kipaumbele]] cha Waislamu na kuishi chini ya [[utawala]] wa Waislamu katika hali ya [[dhimma]].
 
Katika mwendo wa upanuzi wa utawala wa Kiislamu nafasi ya dhimma iliongezwa pia kwa dini nyingine kama [[Uzoroastro]] na [[Uhindu]] ingawa hao wana [[miungu]] mingi sana.
 
Mwishoni karibu kila [[jumuiya]] ya kidini ilipewa nafasi ya kukubali hali ya dhimma. <ref> Robert Hoyland (Hrsg.): Muslims and Others in Early Islamic Society. Ashgate, 2004. p. xiv.</ref>
 
==Jihadi kati ya Waislamu wa leo==
Leo hii jihadi ina maana tatu kati ya Waislamu, hasa
# kutetea [[imani]] ya Kiislamu pamoja na kulinda [[umma]] ya Waislamu, pia kutetea Waislamu wanaoshambuliwa.
# kushindana na [[udhaifu]] wa [[nafsi]] na kujitahidi kuwa mtu mwema.
# [[jitihada]] za kuboresha [[umma]] ya Waislamu.<ref name="bbcislam">{{cite web|title=Jihad|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/beliefs/jihad_1.shtml|publisher=BBC|date=2009-08-03}}</ref>
 
Waislamu kadhaa wanaitumia pia kwa maana ya kueneza Uislamu kwa njia ya [[silaha]] na matishio. HapaHapo kuna hata vikundi[[Kundi|makundi]] kama [[Al Qaida]] na [[Boko Haram]] wanaotumia mbinu za [[ugaidi]] kwa jihadi jinsi wanavyoielewa. Ingawa [[idadi]] yao si kubwa kati ya Waislamu kwa jumla, watu wengi nje ya Uislamu wanaelewa neno hasa kwa maana inayotangazwa na hao.
 
==Tanbihi==
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[[Category:Uislamu]]