|
[[Picha:Mars helicopter on sol 46.png|300px|thumb|Helikopta ya Mirihi "Ingenuity" baada ya kutolewa kwenye gari la upelelezi]]
'''Ingenuity''' (tamka in-ji-nyu-i-ti; Kiingereza, kwa maana ya '''ubunifu''') ni [[Helikopta|helikopta]] ndogo isiyo na rubani (''[[drone]]'') iliyopelekwa kwenye sayari ya [[Mirihi]] (Mars) kwenye mwezi wa Februari 2021. Ilifika pamoja na gari la upelelezi [[Perseverance (Mirihi)|Perseverance]] kama sehemu ya mradi wa "Mars 2020" wa [[NASA|mamlaka ya anga-nje ya Marekani NASA]].
{{Infobox individual space vehicle|name=''Ingenuity''|diameter=Rotors: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="Aung May2018"/><ref name="fact sheet"/>|civil_registration=IGY|insignia_size=200px|insignia_caption=JPL's Mars Helicopter insignia|insignia=File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg|instruments={{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|Two [[navcam]]s}}|vehicle_landing=Unknown|vehicle_launch=April 19, 2021|status={{unbulleted list
|Operational (Deployed from ''Perseverance'' on 3 April 2021)<ref name="Today"/><ref name="NYT-20210323"/><ref name="NASA-20210323"/><ref name="NASA-20210404" />|Maiden flight — 19 April 2021}}|landing_site={{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}}<br/>[[Jezero (crater)|Jezero crater]]<br/>[[Octavia E. Butler Landing]]|landing_date=18 February 2021, 20:55 UTC|power=350 [[watt]]s<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov |publisher=NASA|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>|height={{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/>|dimensions={{Unbulleted list
| Fuselage (body): {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name="landing press kit"/>
| Landing legs: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/>
}}|other_names={{unbulleted list|Mars 2020 helicopter|''Ginny''}}|landing_mass={{Unbulleted list
| Total: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/>
| Batteries: {{cvt|273|g}}
}}|launch_contractor=[[United Launch Alliance]]|launch_site=[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]]|launch_rocket=[[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088)|launch_date=30 July 2020, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]|manufacturer=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] ([[NASA]])|type=[[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] [[helicopter]]|mission=[[Mars 2020]]|image_size=|caption=''Ingenuity'' on Mars at Wright Brothers Field, photographed by [[Perseverance rover|''Perseverance'']] on {{nowrap|April 7, 2021 ([[Sol (day on Mars)|sol]] 46)}}|alt=A robotic helicopter on the Mars surface in 2021|image=Mars helicopter on sol 46.png|first_flight_date=19 April 2021}}'''''Ingenuity''' (tamka in-ji-nyu-i-ti; Kiingereza, kwa maana ya '''ubunifu''''') [[Helikopta|ni helikopta]] ndogo isiyo na rubani iliyopelekwa kwenye sayari ya [[Mirihi]] (Mars) kwenye mwezi wa Februari 2021. Ilifika pamoja na gari la upelelezi [[Perseverance (Mirihi)|Perseverance]] kama sehemu ya mradi wa "Mars 2020" wa [[NASA|mamlaka ya anga-nje ya Marekani NASA]].
Ingenuity ni helikopta ya majaribio yanayolenga kuonyesha kama chombo cha hewani kinaweza kutumiwa katika upelelezi wa sayari ya Mirihi.
Ingenuity ni kifaa kidogo; vipimo vya bodi yake havizidi sentimita 20, mikono ya [[rafadha]] yake (''rotor'') ina urefu wa mita 1.2 ikisimama juu ya miguu ya sentimita 30. Uzito wake ni gramokilogramu 18001.8 pekee.
Inabeba [[kamera]] mbili, moja inayotazama chini yake na moja ya kupiga picha za mazingira. Kuna redio ndogo ya mawasiliano. Haiwezi kuendeshwa kutoka duniani moja kwa moja kwa sababu alamamawimbi zaya redio zinahitajiyanahitaji dakika kadhaa baina ya Mirihi na Dunia, hivyo ina kompyuta ndogo ndani yake inayopokea maagizo kutoka duniani na kudhibiti miendo ya helikopta. Kama kila helikopta, inapaa hewani kutokana na mwendo wa rafadha yake, inayofanana na [[panka kubwa]] iliyofungwa juu ya bodi yake. Ina rafadha mbili zenye mwendo wa kinyume kati yake. Hizo zinaendeshwa na [[injini ya umeme]] inayopata nguvu yake kutoka kwa beteribetri. [[Betri]] zinachajiwa kwa [[paneli za sola]]. Hapa kuna changamoto nyingineambayo yaanini baridi ya usiku kwenye Mirihi. Halijoto hushuka hadi nyuzi 90 chini ya sifuri wakati wa usiku, hali inayoweza kuchosha betri haraka sana.
Changamoto kubwa ni [[angahewa]] nyepesi ya sayari hiyo; kiasi cha hewa kinachopatikana kinalingana na [[kimo]] cha [[kilomita]] 30 juu ya uso wa ardhi<ref>Chang, Kenneth (23 June 2020). "Mars Is About to Have Its "Wright Brothers Moment" – As part of its next Mars mission, NASA is sending an experimental helicopter to fly through the red planet's thin atmosphere". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623070602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html<nowiki> online hapa]</nowiki></ref> na hadi sasa hakuna helikopta duniani iliyopaa juu ya kilomita 13<ref>[https://archive.ph/20150301211934/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=754<nowiki> FAI Record ID #754], tovuti ya Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, FAI - The World Air Sports Federation, ya tarehe 30 April 2012, kupitia archive.org</nowiki></ref>.
== Picha ==
[[file:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|thumb|400px|Filamu iliyochukuliwa na kamera ya gari Perseverance inaonyehsa jinsi gani helikopta iliruka mara ya kwanza kwenye Mirihi]]
[[File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|thumb|400px|Filamu ya katuni inayoonyesha kuruka mara ya kwanza ya ingenuity]]
== Marejeo ==
{{marejeo}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ Ukurasa wa wavuti wa NASA Mars Helikopta]
* [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Maonyesho ya Teknolojia ya Helikopta ya Mars] . (PDF) - Vipengele muhimu vya muundo wa drone ya mfano.
[[Jamii:Upelelezi wa Mirihi]]
| 