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Siku ya DNA : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Image:Dna-split.png|thumb|right| [[DNA replication]]. TheMuundo two base-pair complementary chains of thewa DNA molecule allow for replication of the genetic instructions.]]
'''Siku ya DNA''' husherehekewa tarehe Aprili 25 kila mwaka kuadhimisha siku ya mwaka [[1953]], ambapo wanasayansi [[James Watson]], [[Francis Crick]], [[Maurice Wilkins]], [[Rosalind Franklin]] na wenzake walichapisha makala katika jarida la Nature juu ya muundo wa DNA. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=James Dewey |author-link1=James Watson |last2=Crick |first2=Francis Harry Compton |author-link2=Francis Crick |title=Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid |journal=Nature |date=1953-04-25 |volume=171 |issue=4356 |pages=737–738 |pmid=13054692 |doi=10.1038/171737a0 |bibcode=1953Natur.171..737W |s2cid=4253007 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Franklin1953">{{cite journal |last1=Franklin |first1=Rosalind Elsie |author-link1=Rosalind Franklin |last2=Gosling |first2=Raymond |author-link2=Raymond Gosling |title=Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate |journal=Nature |date=1953-04-25 |volume=171 |issue=4356 |pages=740–741 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/franklingosling.pdf |pmid=13054694 |doi=10.1038/171740a0 |bibcode=1953Natur.171..740F |s2cid=4268222 }}</ref><ref name="Wilkins1953">{{cite journal |last1=Wilkins |first1=Maurice Hugh Frederick |author-link1=Maurice Wilkins |last2=Stokes |first2=Alexander Rawson |author-link2=Alex Stokes |last3=Wilson |first3=Herbert R. |author-link3=Herbert Wilson |title=Molecular structure of deoxypentose nucleic acids |journal=Nature |date=1953-04-25 |volume=171 |issue=4356 |pages=738–740 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/wilkins.pdf |pmid=13054693 |doi=10.1038/171738a0 |bibcode=1953Natur.171..738W |s2cid=4280080 }}</ref>Vilevile, mwanzoni mwa [[Aprili]] [[2003]] ilitangazwa kuwa mradi wa seti kamili wa vinasaba vya binadamu (complete genome) ulikuwa karibu sana kukamilika na "mapungufu madogo madogo yaliyosalia yalionekana kuhitaji gharama kubwa sana kuyakamilisha.”<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2940601.stm |title=Human genome finally complete |work=BBC News |first=Ivan |last=Noble |date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2006-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome |author=International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium |journal=Nature |date=2004-10-21 |volume=431 |issue=7011 |pages=931–945 |doi=10.1038/nature03001 |pmid=15496913 |bibcode = 2004Natur.431..931H|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
 
Nchini Marekani, siku ya DNA iliadhimishwa kwa mara ya kwanza Aprili 25, 2003, kwa kutangazwa na Seneti<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-108sconres10ats/pdf/BILLS-108sconres10ats.pdf |title=A concurrent resolution designating April 2003 as "Human Genome Month" and April 25 as "DNA Day". |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |date=2003-02-27 |access-date=2012-02-09 }}</ref> na Baraza la wawakilishi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:H.CON.RES.110: |title=Recognizing the sequencing of the human genome as one of the most significant scientific accomplishments of the past one hundred years and expressing support for the goals and ideals of Human Genome Month and DNA Day. |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=2011-04-16}}</ref> Walakini, walitangaza maadhimisho hayo kwa mwaka huo tu na sio kila mwaka. Tangu mwaka 2003 maadhimisho ya siku ya DNA yamekua yakiandaliwa na Taasisi ya kitaifa ya utafiti wa Jinomu ya Binadamu(NHGRI) kuanzia Aprili 23, 2010, April 25, 2011 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/27544071 |title=Join us April 15 for National DNA Day! |publisher=[[National Human Genome Research Institute]] |date=2011-04-11 |access-date=2011-04-16}}</ref> na Aprili 20, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/10506367 |title=DNA Day 12 |publisher=National Human Genome Research Institute |date=2011-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127102948/http://www.genome.gov/10506367 |archive-date=2012-01-27 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> Tokea hapo tarehe 25 Aprili ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa “Siku ya kimataifa ya DNA”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsn.org.np/index.php?pages=news&&id=22 | title=International DNA day to be celebrated |publisher=Biotechnology Society of Nepal |date=2009-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615101014/http://www.bsn.org.np/index.php?pages=news&&id=22 |archive-date=2009-06-15 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalecarnegiewayala.com/2011/04/21/celebrate-international-dna-day-in-huntsville |title=Celebrate International DNA Day in Huntsville |last=Finley |first=Erica |location=[[Huntsville, Alabama]] |date=2011-04-21 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> na “Siku ya DNA Duniani”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vu.lt/en/news/1559-annual-international-dna-day-at-the-university | title=Annual International DNA Day at the University |publisher=[[Vilnius University]] |date=2009-04-06 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bitlifesciences.com/dnaday/en/DNA%20Resource/gov4.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120721175645/http://www.bitlifesciences.com/dnaday/en/DNA%20Resource/gov4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-21 |title=International Consortium Publishes Sequence, Analysis Of The Human Genome |publisher=World High Technology Society |access-date=2012-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.getconference.org |title=Genomes, Environments and Traits Conference |publisher=GET Conference |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> ambayo imekua ikiadhimishwa na vikundi mbalimbali . Makampuni ya upimaji wa DNA na wachapishaji wa majarida ya elimu ya vinasaba huendesha minada ya kila mwaka karibu na maadhimisho ya siku ya DNA wakihamasisha umma na kukuza uelewa kuhusiana na huduma zao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationaldnaday.com/best-promo-codes-coupons-and-savings-on-dna-during-national-dna-day-sale/|title=Best Promo Codes, Coupons and Savings on DNA during National DNA Day Sale|last=MacEntee|first=Thomas|date=2019-04-23|website=National DNA Day|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>▼
Vilevile, mwanzoni mwa [[Aprili]] [[2003]] ilitangazwa kuwa mradi wa seti kamili wa vinasaba vya binadamu (complete genome) ulikuwa karibu sana kukamilika na "mapungufu madogo madogo yaliyosalia yalionekana kuhitaji gharama kubwa sana kuyakamilisha.”<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2940601.stm |title=Human genome finally complete |work=BBC News |first=Ivan |last=Noble |date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2006-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome |author=International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium |journal=Nature |date=2004-10-21 |volume=431 |issue=7011 |pages=931–945 |doi=10.1038/nature03001 |pmid=15496913 |bibcode = 2004Natur.431..931H|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
 
▲Nchini Marekani, sikuSiku ya DNA iliadhimishwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchini Aprili[[Marekani]] 25,tarehe 23 Aprili 2003, kwa kutangazwa na Senetiseneti<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-108sconres10ats/pdf/BILLS-108sconres10ats.pdf |title=A concurrent resolution designating April 2003 as "Human Genome Month" and April 25 as "DNA Day". |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |date=2003-02-27 |access-date=2012-02-09 }}</ref> na Barazabaraza la wawakilishi la nchi hiyo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:H.CON.RES.110: |title=Recognizing the sequencing of the human genome as one of the most significant scientific accomplishments of the past one hundred years and expressing support for the goals and ideals of Human Genome Month and DNA Day. |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=2011-04-16}}</ref> Walakini, walitangaza maadhimisho hayo kwa mwaka huo tu na sio kila mwaka. Tangu mwaka 2003 maadhimisho ya siku ya DNA yamekua yakiandaliwa na Taasisi ya kitaifa ya utafiti wa [[Jinomu]] ya Binadamu (NHGRI) kuanzia Aprili 23, Aprili 2010, April 25, April 2011 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/27544071 |title=Join us April 15 for National DNA Day! |publisher=[[National Human Genome Research Institute]] |date=2011-04-11 |access-date=2011-04-16}}</ref> na 20 Aprili 20, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/10506367 |title=DNA Day 12 |publisher=National Human Genome Research Institute |date=2011-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127102948/http://www.genome.gov/10506367 |archive-date=2012-01-27 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> Tokea hapo tarehe 25 Aprili ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa “Siku ya kimataifa ya DNA”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsn.org.np/index.php?pages=news&&id=22 | title=International DNA day to be celebrated |publisher=Biotechnology Society of Nepal |date=2009-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615101014/http://www.bsn.org.np/index.php?pages=news&&id=22 |archive-date=2009-06-15 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalecarnegiewayala.com/2011/04/21/celebrate-international-dna-day-in-huntsville |title=Celebrate International DNA Day in Huntsville |last=Finley |first=Erica |location=[[Huntsville, Alabama]] |date=2011-04-21 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> na “Siku ya DNA Duniani”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vu.lt/en/news/1559-annual-international-dna-day-at-the-university | title=Annual International DNA Day at the University |publisher=[[Vilnius University]] |date=2009-04-06 |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bitlifesciences.com/dnaday/en/DNA%20Resource/gov4.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120721175645/http://www.bitlifesciences.com/dnaday/en/DNA%20Resource/gov4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-21 |title=International Consortium Publishes Sequence, Analysis Of The Human Genome |publisher=World High Technology Society |access-date=2012-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.getconference.org |title=Genomes, Environments and Traits Conference |publisher=GET Conference |access-date=2012-02-09}}</ref> ambayo imekua ikiadhimishwa na vikundi mbalimbali . Makampuni ya upimaji wa DNA na wachapishaji wa majarida ya elimu ya vinasaba huendesha minada ya kila mwaka karibu na maadhimisho ya siku ya DNA wakihamasisha umma na kukuza uelewa kuhusiana na huduma zao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationaldnaday.com/best-promo-codes-coupons-and-savings-on-dna-during-national-dna-day-sale/|title=Best Promo Codes, Coupons and Savings on DNA during National DNA Day Sale|last=MacEntee|first=Thomas|date=2019-04-23|website=National DNA Day|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>
 
Makampuni ya upimaji wa DNA na wachapishaji wa majarida ya elimu ya vinasaba huendesha minada ya kila mwaka karibu na maadhimisho ya siku ya DNA wakihamasisha umma na kukuza uelewa kuhusiana na huduma zao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationaldnaday.com/best-promo-codes-coupons-and-savings-on-dna-during-national-dna-day-sale/|title=Best Promo Codes, Coupons and Savings on DNA during National DNA Day Sale|last=MacEntee|first=Thomas|date=2019-04-23|website=National DNA Day|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>
 
==Tanbihi==
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