ARPANET : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

Katika harakati za kuendeleza mawazo ya [[J. C. R. Licklider]], [[Robert Taylor (mwanasayansi wa kompyuta)|Bob Taylor]] ndiyo yaliyopelekea kuzinduliwa kwa mradi huu wa ARPANET mnamo mwaka 1966 na kuwezesha kompyuta mbalimbali kuwasiliana .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://movies2.nytimes.com/1999/12/12/technology/122099outlook-bobb.html|title=An Internet Pioneer Ponders the Next Revolution|date=December 20, 1999|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-20|quote=Mr. Taylor wrote a white paper in 1968, a year before the network was created, with another ARPA research director, J. C. R. Licklider. The paper, "The Computer as a Communications Device," was one of the first clear statements about the potential of a computer network.}}</ref> Taylor alimteuwa [[Lawrence Roberts (mwanasayansi)|Larry Roberts]]

kama msimamizi wa programu. appointed [[Lawrence Roberts (scientist)|Larry Roberts]] as program manager. Roberts ndiyondiye alikuwa akitoa mifumo na namna ya kuiundakuunda mifumo ya kimtandao.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hafner|first=Katie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/30/obituaries/lawrence-g-roberts-dies-at-81.html|title=Lawrence Roberts, Who Helped Design Internet's Precursor, Dies at 81|date=2018-12-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|quote=He decided to use packet switching as the underlying technology of the Arpanet; it remains central to the function of the internet. And it was Dr. Roberts’s decision to build a network that distributed control of the network across multiple computers. Distributed networking remains another foundation of today’s internet.}}</ref> Alijaribu kuzitumbia mbinu za [[Donald Davies]]’ katika kupelekea kufanyika uzinduzi wa ubadilishaji wa pakiti ,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.computer.org/pioneers/davies.html|title=Computer Pioneers - Donald W. Davies|website=IEEE Computer Society|access-date=2020-02-20|quote=In 1965, Davies pioneered new concepts for computer communications in a form to which he gave the name "packet switching." ... The design of the ARPA network (ArpaNet) was entirely changed to adopt this technique.|postscript=none}}; {{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/business/2015/05/30/net-of-insecurity-part-1/|title=A Flaw In The Design|date=May 30, 2015|work=The Washington Post|quote=The Internet was born of a big idea: Messages could be chopped into chunks, sent through a network in a series of transmissions, then reassembled by destination computers quickly and efficiently. Historians credit seminal insights to Welsh scientist Donald W. Davies and American engineer Paul Baran. ... The most important institutional force ... was the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ... as ARPA began work on a groundbreaking computer network, the agency recruited scientists affiliated with the nation’s top universities.}}</ref> na alitumia mbinu za uingizaji kutoka kwa [[Paul Baran]].<ref name="Abbate20003">{{cite book|last1=Abbate|first1=Janet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BfZxFZpElwC&pg=PA37|title=Inventing the Internet|date=2000|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|isbn=978-0-2625-1115-5|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=39, 57–58|quote=Baran proposed a "distributed adaptive message-block network" [in the early 1960s] ... Roberts recruited Baran to advise the ARPANET planning group on distributed communications and packet switching. ... Roberts awarded a contract to Leonard Kleinrock of UCLA to create theoretical models of the network and to analyze its actual performance.}}</ref> ARPA ilimpa mkataba wa utengenezwaji wa mfumo wa mtandao kwa [[Bolt Beranek & Newman]] ambaye alikuja kutengeneza,kwa mara ya kwanza who developed the first [[protokali ya mawasiliano]] kwenye mitandao .<ref name=":2A">{{cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Dr. Lawrence G.|date=November 1978|title=The Evolution of Packet Switching|url=http://www.ismlab.usf.edu/dcom/Ch10_Roberts_EvolutionPacketSwitching_IEEE_1978.pdf|journal=IEEE Invited Paper|access-date=September 10, 2017|quote=Significant aspects of the network’s internal operation, such as routing, flow control, software design, and network control were developed by a BBN team consisting of Frank Heart, Robert Kahn, Severo Omstein, William Crowther, and David Walden|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092936/http://www.ismlab.usf.edu/dcom/Ch10_Roberts_EvolutionPacketSwitching_IEEE_1978.pdf|archive-date=31 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roberts engaged [[Leonard Kleinrock]] at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]] to develop mathematical methods for analyzing the packet network technology.<ref name="Abbate20003" />