Waarabu : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

 

== Historia ==

 

Baada ya Muhamad, [[Khalifa#Makhalifa wanne wa kwanza|makhalifa wa kwanza]] (632-661 BK) waliunganisha Waarabu wote chini ya utawala wao. wakaendelea kuvamia milki jirani za Dola la Roma na Uajemi ya Wasasani. Kote walianza kutumia [[Kiarabu|lugha ya Kiarabu]] kama lugha ya utawala. Makabila mengi kutoka Bara Arabu yalianza kuhamia katika nchi zilizovamiwa katika hiyo milki kubwa ya Kiislamu iliyoenea kutoka [[Moroko]] na [[Hispania]] upande wa maghararibi hadi mipaka ya [[China]] na [[Uhindi]] upande wa mashariki.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A history of the Arab peoples|last=Ruthven|first=Albert Hourani; with a new afterword by Malise|date=2010|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05819-4|edition=1st Harvard Press pbk.|location=Cambridge, Mass.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=IVyMAvW9slYC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Islam: The Religion and the People|last=Bernard Ellis Lewis|last2=Buntzie Ellis Churchill|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|page=137|quote=At the time of the Prophet's birth and mission, the Arabic language was more or less confined to Arabia, a land of deserts, sprinkled with oases. Surrounding it on land on every side were the two rival empires of Persia and Byzantium. The countries of what now make up the Arab world were divided between the two of them—Iraq under Persian rule, Syria, Palestine, and North Africa part of the Byzantine Empire. They spoke a variety of different languages and were for the most part Christians, with some Jewish minorities. Their Arabization and Islamization took place with the vast expansion of Islam in the decades and centuries following the death of the Prophet in 632 CE. The Aramaic language, once dominant in the Fertile Crescent, survives in only a few remote villages and in the rituals of the Eastern churches. Coptic, the language of Christian Egypt before the Arab conquest, has been entirely replaced by Arabic except in the church liturgy. Some earlier languages have survived, notably Kurdish in Southwest Asia and Berber in North Africa, but Arabic, in one form or another, has in effect become the language of everyday speech as well as of government, commerce and culture in what has come to be known as "the Arab world."|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Katika karne zilofuata, wakazi wengi wa maeneo hayo walianza kuwa Waislamu na kutumia Kiarabu kama lugha ya kidini na ya kielimu; hasa katika sehemu kubwa ya Afrika Kaskazini pamoja na Misri na katika nchi za Asia Magharibi (hasa nchi za leo Syria, Lebanoni, Iraki) wenyeji wengi walianza kutumia Kiarabu kama lugha yao na hivyo kuitwa Waarabu.

 

[[Picha:Arab League member states (orthographic projection).svg|300px|thumb|Wanachama wa Juuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]]

== Nchi za Waarabu ==

Leo hii Waarabu kimsingi hukalia nchi 22 wanachama wa [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]]. Nchi hizo zinaenea kwa kilomita za mraba milioni 13 kutoka [[Atlantiki|bahari ya Atlantiki]] upande wa magharibi hadi [[Bahari ya Kiarabu]] katika mashariki na kutoka [[Bahari ya Mediteranea|Bahari ya Mediterranean]] katika kaskazini hadi [[Pembe ya Afrika]] na [[Bahari ya Hindi]] katika kusini. Watu wasio Waarabu wakitumia lugha zao za pekee huishi pia katika nchi hizo, wakati mwingine wakiwa wengi. Hawa ni pamoja na [[Wasomali]], [[Wakurdi]], [[Waberberi]], Waafar, [[Nubia|Wanubi]] na wengineo .