Alice Kinloch : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

'''Alice Kinloch''' alikuwa [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]], mzungumzaji wa hadhara, na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye alianzisha Umoja wa Afrika huko [[London]] mwaka wa [[1897]], na kuandaa Mkutano wa Pan-African mwaka wa [[1900]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Killingray|first=David|date=September 2012|title=Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=64|issue=3|pages=393–417|doi=10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|issn=0258-2473}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=On the Political Constitution|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001|year=2005|periodical=Our Republican Constitution|publisher=Hart Publishing|doi=10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001|isbn=978-1-4725-5967-8|access-date=2021-11-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock|url=https://blackplaqueproject.com/biography/alice-kinloch/|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Black Plaque Project|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mbete|first=Sithembile|date=2021-10-28|title=On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314|journal=Cambridge Review of International Affairs|pages=1–4|doi=10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314|issn=0955-7571}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adi|first=Hakim|date=2019-05-23|title=Women and Pan-Africanism|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-559|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Aspinall|first=Peter J.|title=African Communities in Britain|date=2016|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1|pages=1–9|periodical=The African Diaspora Population in Britain|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1|isbn=978-1-137-45653-3|access-date=2021-11-05|last2=Chinouya|first2=Martha J.}}</ref> Alice alikuwa anajitahidi kuwajumuisha Waafrika na hili likamtia [[taji]] la kuwa [[mwanamke]] shupavu sana kwa umahiri wake.

Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch alizaliwa huko [[Cape Town|Cape Town, Afrika Kusini]] mnamo 1863. Familia yake ilihamia Kimberley karibu miaka ya 1870. Katika mwezi wa Juni 1885, aliolewa na Edmund Ndosa Kinloch katika [[kanisa]] la St Cyprian huko Kimberley. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Killingray|first=David|date=September 2012|title=Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=64|issue=3|pages=393–417|doi=10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|issn=0258-2473}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock|url=https://blackplaqueproject.com/biography/alice-kinloch/|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Black Plaque Project|language=en-US}}</ref>

Baada ya muda Alice alisafiri kuenda [[Uingereza]] mwaka wa 1895 ambapo aliungana na Aborigines Protection Society [APS].

Alisafiri hadi Uingereza mnamo 1895 na akajiunga na Jumuiya ya [[Ulinzi]] ya Waaborigines (APS), shirika kuu la kukomesha na haki za binadamu. Kama mwakilishi wa APS, alizungumza na hadhira kubwa huko London, Newcastle, York, na Manchester. Katika majukwaa nchini Uingereza, alijadili hali ya Afrika Kusini. Mada yake ilikuwa "kutendewa vibaya kwa watu wa kiasili kote Afrika Kusini, hasa Mumu wa Mchanganyiko unaopatikana katika wilaya zote za uchimbaji madini". <ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=On the Political Constitution|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001|year=2005|periodical=Our Republican Constitution|publisher=Hart Publishing|doi=10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001|isbn=978-1-4725-5967-8|access-date=2021-11-03}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock|url=https://blackplaqueproject.com/biography/alice-kinloch/|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Black Plaque Project|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://blackplaqueproject.com/biography/alice-kinloch/ "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock"]. ''Black Plaque Project''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Adi|first=Hakim|date=2019-05-23|title=Women and Pan-Africanism|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-559|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559}}</ref>

Baadaye, alichapisha kijitabukitabu kiitwacho "Je, Almasi za Afrika Kusini Zinastahili Gharama Yake?" Kama sehemu ya ripoti hiyo, alielezea hali ya maisha kwenye misombo ya uchimbaji madini kama "kama ya watumwa" na alibishana dhidi ya sheria za kupita huko Natal. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Killingray|first=David|date=September 2012|title=Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=64|issue=3|pages=393–417|doi=10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|issn=0258-2473}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Adi|first=Hakim|date=2019-05-23|title=Women and Pan-Africanism|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-559|accessdate=2021-11-03|work=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAdi2019">Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23). [https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-559 "Women and Pan-Africanism"]. ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. [[Doi (kitambulisho)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559|10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5">{{Citation|last=Aspinall|first=Peter J.|title=African Communities in Britain|date=2016|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1|pages=1–9|periodical=The African Diaspora Population in Britain|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1|isbn=978-1-137-45653-3|access-date=2021-11-05|last2=Chinouya|first2=Martha J.}}</ref>