Mauritius : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Mstari 1:
#REDIRECT [[Morisi]]
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{{otheruses|Mauritius (disambiguation)}}
{{coord|-20.2|57.5|display=title|type:country}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = ''Repiblik Moris<br>République de Maurice''
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Mauritius
|common_name = Mauritius
|image_flag = Flag of Mauritius.svg
|image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius.svg
|image =Port_Louis_Skyline.JPG
|image_map = LocationMauritius.png
|national_motto = ''"Stella Clavisque Maris Indici"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin]])<br>"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"</small>
|national_anthem = ''[[Motherland (anthem)|Motherland]]''
|official_languages = [[English language|English]]<ref name="article49">{{cite web| url=http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/AssemblySite/menuitem.ee3d58b2c32c60451251701065c521ca/?content_id=4cb54555fc808010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD#assembly| title=Article 49 of The Constitution| publisher=National Assembly of Mauritius| accessdate=2009-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/abtmtius/menuitem.42f3149f267522984d57241079b521ca| title=Republic of Mauritius, Government Portal (Mauritius)}}</ref>
|capital = [[Port Louis, Mauritius|Port Louis]]
|languages_type = [[Vernacular]]
|languages = [[Mauritian Creole]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]]
|demonym = Mauritian
|latd=20 |latm=10 |latNS=S |longd=57 |longm=31 |longEW=E
|largest_city and capital = [[Port Louis]]
|government_type = [[Parliamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Mauritius|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Anerood Jugnauth]]
|leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Mauritius|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Navin Ramgoolam]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom
|established_event1 = Date
|established_date1 = 12 March 1968
|established_event2 = Republic
|established_date2 = 12 March 1992
|area_rank = 179th
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_km2 = 2,040
|area_sq_mi = 787 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 0.05
|population_estimate = 1,288,000<ref name=unpop>{{cite paper | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | format=.PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Population Division | date=2009 | accessdate= 2009-03-12}}</ref>
|population_estimate_rank = 151st
|population_estimate_year = 2009
|population_census = 1,179,137
|population_census_year = 2000
|population_density_km2 = 631.4
|population_density_sq_mi = 1,636.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 18th
|GDP_PPP = $15.273 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web| url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=684&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=47&pr.y=3| title=Mauritius| publisher=International Monetary Fund| accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2008
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $12,011<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $8.738 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2008
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,871<ref name=imf2/>
|HDI = {{increase}} 0.802
|HDI_rank = 65th
|HDI_year = 2004
|HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font>
|currency = [[Mauritian rupee]]
|currency hi lo golikjop _code = MUR
|country_code = 230
|time_zone = [[Mauritius Time|MUT]]
|utc_offset = +4
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST = +5 (2008 only)<ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html Mauritius turns the clock forward in October 2008]</ref><ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html Mauritius will not repeat daylight saving time]</ref>
|drives_on = left
|cctld = [[.mu]]
|calling_code = 230
}}
'''Mauritius''' {{pron-en|məˈrɪʃəs}} {{lang-fr|L’île Maurice}} {{IPA-fr|lil mɔˈʁis|pron}} [[Krioli ya Mauritius:]] ''Moris,'' {{lang-ta|மொரிசிய குடியரசு}} <ref> http://www.tamilnation.org/diaspora/mauritius.htm</ref> {{lang-hi|मॉरिशस}} na ambayo kwa lugha rasmi '''inaitwa Jamhuri ya Mauritius,''' {{lang-fr|République de Maurice}} ni [[nchi kisiwa]] iliyo kando ya pwani ya [[bara]][[Afrika]] upande wa kusini magharibi ya Bahari ya Hindi,{{convert|900|km|mi}}mashariki ya [[Madagaska.]] Mbali na Kisiwa cha Mauritius, jamhuri hiyo inajumuisha visiwa vya [[Cargados Carajos, Rodrigues]] na [[Agalega.]] Mauritius imeshikana na [[Kisiwa cha Mascarene,]] Kisiwa cha Ufaransa cha [[Réunion]] {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} Kusini magharibi Ya Kisiwa cha [[Rodrigues]] {{convert|570|km|mi|abbr=on}} kuelekea upande wa Kaskzini Mashariki.
Kisiwa cha Mauritius kimefahamika kwa kuwa asili ya ndege anayefahamika kama [[Dodo.]] Ndege huyu alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza na Waingereza mwaka wa 1600 huko Mauritius, lakini baada ya miaka themanini, ndege wa aina hii walikufa wote.
==Historia==
{{main|History of Mauritius}}
[[File:Port Louis Mauritius Theatre.jpg|thumb|left|Kadi ya kuandika barua 1900-1910 inayoonyesha ukumbi wa maonyesho wa Port Louis.]]
Kisiwa hiki kilijulikana na [[Waarabu]] na [[mabaharia kutoka kusini mashariki mwa Bara Asia]] katika karne ya kumi. <ref name="CIA-intro">{{cite web| url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mp.html#Intro| title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Mauritius| accessdate=2007-05-04| publisher=CIA}}</ref> Mabaharia [[Wareno]] walifika huko kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 1507 na wakajenga makao ya muda na baadaye wakahama na kukiacha kisiwa hicho kama hakijasakiniwa Meli tatu kati ya meli nane [[Kutoka udachi]] ''zilizokuwa katika kikundi cha pili cha meli '' zilizotumwa kuenda [[Kisiwa cha Spice]] zilibebwa hadi kwenye kisiwa hiki baada ya kukumbana na kimbunga mwaka wa 1598. Ni hapo ndipo kisiwa hiki kilipewa jina la [[Maurice wa Nassau ,]] aliyekuwa [[Mkuu wa Majeshi ]]ya Uholanzi. <ref>[18] ^ {{cite book |last=Mutch |first=T. D. |authorlink= |title=The First Discovery of Australia |publisher=[[Project Gutenberg of Australia]] |year=1942 |location=Sydney |pages=55 |url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600631h.html}} uk.13.</ref> <ref>[19] ^ [[Mto wa Hudson ]]ulio Amerika ya Kaskazini uliitwa "Mauritius River " mara ya kwanza kwa Stadtholder hiyo moja.</ref> Katika mwaka wa 1638, Wadachi walijenga makao ya kwanza ya kudumu. Kutokana na hali mbaya ya anga kama vile vimbunga na kuharibiwa kwa makao yao, Wadachi walihama kutoka kisiwa hicho miongo kadhaa baadaye. Ufaransa, ambayo ilikuwa tayari inatawala kisiwa jirani cha Bourbon (inayoitwa kwa sasa [[Réunion)]] iliitwaa Mauritius kwa nguvu mwaka wa 1715 na baadaye Wafaransa wakaibadili Mauritius jina na kuiita ''Ile de Ufaransa'' (Isle wa Ufaransa). Chini ya utawala wa Ufaransa, kisiwa hicho kiliendelea kiuchumi kutokana na uzalishaji wa sukari Chini ya utawala wa Kifaransa, kisiwa hicho kiliendelea kiuchumi kutokana na uzalishaji wa sukari. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Napoleon ]](1803 hadi 1815) Waingereza walijitokeza na nia ya kukitawala kisiwa hicho. Ingawa Wafaransa walipata ushindi katika [[vita ya Grand Port,]] vita vya meli vya pekee ambavyo Napoloeon aliweza kuwashinda Waingereza , [[]]Wafaransa walijisalimisha baada ya kushambuliwa na Waingereza huko Cap Malheureux miezi mitatu baadaye. Walijisalimisha rasmi tarehe [[3 Desemba]] 1810, baada ya makubaliano kuwa wahamiaji wataendelea kuishi katika ardhi hiyo, watabaki na mali yao na watatumia [[lugha]] ya [[Kifaransa]] na [[sheria za Ufaransa]] katika usuluhishaji wa mizozo ya kiraia na kiuhalifu. Chini ya utawala wa Uingereza, kisiwa hicho kilirejelea jina lake la awali.
==Siasa==
{{main|Politics of Mauritius}}
[[File:Le reduit (5).gif|thumb | left | Makao rasmi ya marais, [[Le Chateau de Reduit]]]]
Serikali huteuliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Uchaguzi mkuu wa mwisho ulifanywa tarehe [[3 Julai,]] 2005 katika maeneo 20 ya bunge ya bara na pia eneo la ubunge linalojumuisha Kisiwa cha [[Rodrigues.]] Katika miaka iliyopita, uchaguzi umekuwa kati ya vyama vikuu viwili, kila kimoja kikiwa ni muungano wa vyama vidogo zaidi .
Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Mauritius ni mwanachama wa Tume ya [[Bahari la Hindi, Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Mataifa ya Kusini mwa Afrika, ]][[Jumuiya ya Madola]] na [[La Francophonie]] (Mataifa yanayowasiliana kwa lugha ya Kifaransa), kati ya nyingine nyingi. Orodha kamili [[inapatikana ]]katika makala kuu kuhusu siasa za Mauritius .
Mwaka 2006, Mauritius aliomba kuwa mwanachama mwanagalizi wa [[Jamii ya]] mataifa [[yanayozungumza Kireno ]](CPLP) ili kudumisha uhusiano wake na nchi hizo. <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/news.php?ID=1671 |title=Mauritius and Equatorial Guinea granted associated observer status in CPLP |accessdate=2007-03-05 |date=2006-07-17 |publisher=macauhub.com }}</ref>
Mauritius ndio nchi yenye utawala bora zaidi Afrika. Hii ni kulingana na [[orodha ya Ibrahim ,]] kuhusu utawala katika nchi za Afrika yaani Ibrahim Index of African Governance, ambayo hupima utawala ikitumia vigezo mbalimbali . Haya ni matokeo adilifu yanayoonyesha namna Mauritius imefanya vyema katika kategoria 5 kuu za orodha hii ambazo ni: Usalama; Sheria; uwazi na ufisadi; Ushirikishaji na haki za binadamu; Maendeleo ya kiuchumi yanayoendelezwa, na Maendeleo ya binadamu . [http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org ]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:98%" width="80%"
!Waadhifa Ulioshikiliwa
!Aliyeshikilia wadhifa
!Tarehe ya kuanza kazi
!Dini
|-
| [[Rais]]<br>[[Mkuu wa nchi]]<br>[[Mkuu wa majeshi]]
| '''''[[Mheshimiwa Anerood Jugnauth, QC, KCMG, PC, GCSK]]'' '''
| 7 Oktoba 2003
| [[Dini ya kihindi]]
|-
| [[Makamu wa Rais]]
| '''''[[Angidi Chettiar]]'' '''
| 2 Novemba 2007
| Dini ya Kihindi
|-
| [[Waziri Mkuu]]
| '''''[[Mheshimiwa . Dkt Navinchandra Ramgoolam GCSK, Mbunge]]'' '''
| 5 Julai 2005
| Dini ya Kihindi
|-
| [[Naibu wa Waziri Mkuu]]
| '''''[[Dkt.Rashid Beebeejaun, GCSK, Mbunge]]'' '''
| 7 Julai 2005
| Mwislamu
|-
| [[Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu]]<br>[[Waziri wa Utalii]]
| '''''[[Mheshimiwa . Xavier Luc Duval GCSK Acca, Mbunge]]'' '''
| 7 Julai 2005
| Mkristo
|-
| [[Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu]]<br>[[Waziri wa Fedha na Mauritius]]
| '''''[[Mheshimiwa . Dkt. Rama Sithanen GCSK, Mbunge]]'' '''
| 7 Julai 2005
| Dini ya Kihindi
|-
| [[Waziri mwenye wadhifa mkuu]]<br>[[Waziri wa maswala ya kijamii]]
| '''''[[Mheshimiwa . Bi. Sheilabai Bappoo GOSK, Mbunge]]'' '''
| 7 Julai 2005
| Dini ya Kihindi
|}
==Jeshi na polisi==
{{main|Military of Mauritius}}
'''Mauritius''' haina jeshi la kudumu. Kazi zote za kijeshi, polisi, na usalama zinafanywa na wafanyakazi 10,000 walio chini ya amri ya Kamishna wa Polisi. Jeshi hili lina wanachama 8,000 ambao ni Polisi wa Kitaifa wanaolinda sheria ndani ya nchi, 1,500 [[]]katika kitengo maalum cha polisi, na 500 wanalinda maeneo ya pwani.
==Jiografia==
{{main|Geography of Mauritius}}
[[File:Mauritius-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|200px|Ramani ya Mauritius]]
[[File:Satellite image of Mauritius in February 2003.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Picha ya Mauritius iliyochukuliwa kutoka angani, Februari 2003, iliyo na mchoro wa kisiwa hicho.]]
[[File:Rodrigues AnseAli.jpg|thumb|200px|Mandhari ya pwani katika kisiwa cha Rodrigues, ambacho ni sehemu ya Mauritius ]]
Mauritius pamoja na [[Réunion]] na [[Rodrigues,]] zinaunda [[visiwa vya Mascarene.]] [[Kikundi hiki cha visiwa ]]kilijitokeza [[baada ya volkeno]] kulipuka kati ya miaka milioni 8 na milioni 10 iliyopita, [[wakati ambapo mwamba ]]wa [[Bara la Afrika]] ulipita juu ya sehemu iliyokuwa na mawe yaliyochemka ndani ya ardhi ya [[Kisiwa cha Réunion .]] Volkeno hizi ziliacha kutoa moto, na sehemu iliyokuwa na mawe yaliyochemka ndani ya ardhi ilibaki Réunion. Kisiwa cha Mauritius kina uwanda wa juu katikati yake, na sehemu ya juu zaidi ya uwanda huu iko upande wa kusini magharibi, [[Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire]] {{convert|828|m|ft|0}} Kuzunguka uwanda huu wa juu, shimo la katikati ya Volkeno bado linaweza kutofautishwa na milima mingine.
[[Hali ya anga nchini Mauritius]] ni ya joto, na huathiriwa na upepo kutoka upande wa kusini mashariki ambako kuna msimu wa baridi bila mvua kutoka Mei hadi Novemba na msimu wa joto wenye mvua kutoka Novemba hadi Mei. [[Majira ya upepo ]]unaojitokeza dhidi ya kimbunga huwa kati ya miezi ya Mei na Septemba. [[Vibunga]] huja kati ya mwezi wa Novemba na Aprili. [[Hollanda]] (1994) na Dina (2002) ndivyo vimbunga vikali zaidi vya mwisho vilivyokikumba kisiwa hicho.
Mji mkuu wa Mauritius, ambao pia ndio mji mkubwa zaidi, ni[[ Port Louis iliyo ,]] upande wa kaskazini magharibi. Miji mingine muhimu ni [[Rose-Hill]] na [[Beau-Bassin, Curepipe, Vacoas, Phoenix, Quatre Bornes.]]
Kisiwa hiki ni maarufu kwa urembo wake wa kiasili. Mwandishi [[Mark Twain,]] kwa mfano, alisema katika ''[[Following the Equator,]]'' maandiko yake ya kibinafsi, "Unapata wazo ya kuwa Mauritius iliumbwa kwanza, kisha mbingu ikaumbwa, na kuwa mbingu iliumbwa kwa mfano wa Mauritius”. (Usemi huu mara nyingi hutajwa nje ya muktadha . Kile alichokiandika Twain hasa ni: “Kutoka kwa mwananchi mmoja unapata wazo ya kuwa Mauritius iliumbwa kwanza, kisha mbingu ikaumbwa baadaye na kuwa mbingu iliumbwa kwa mfano wa Mauritius . Mwingine atakuambia ya kuwa usemi huu umetiliwa chumvi...”)
==Mazingira==
{{main|Wildlife of Mauritius}}
==Wilaya na Visiwa vidogo vinavyoitegemea Mauritius==
{{main|Districts and dependencies of Mauritius}}
[[File:Mauritius districts numbered.png|thumb|250px|Wilaya ya Mauritius]]
[[File:Gymkana.jpg|thumb | [[Phoenix,]] mojawapo ya miji mikuu ya nchi hiyo.]]
Kisiwa cha Mauritius kimegawanywa katika katika [[wilaya]] tisa :
#[[Black River]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Bambous)]]
#[[Flacq]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Centre de Flacq)]]
#[[Grand Port]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Mahebourg)]]
#[[Moka]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Quartier Militaire)]]
#[[Pamplemousses]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Triolet)]]
#[[Plaines Wilhems]] (Mji Mkuu : [[beau Bassin]] na [[Rose Hill, Phoenix)]]
#[[Port Louis]] (Mji Mkuu ya Mauritius)
#[[Rivière du Rempart]] (Mji Mkuu : [[Mapou)]]
#[[Savanne]] (Mji Mkuu: [[Souillac)]]
===Visiwa vingine vidogo vinavyoitegemea Mauritius===
*[[Rodrigues,]] kisiwa kilicho {{convert|560|km}} kaskazini-mashariki ya Mauritius kilichopata uhuru kadiri Oktoba 2002 . <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mauritiuspost.mu/museum/fdc/other.php?id=91| title=First Day Cover: Rodrigues Regional Assembly| accessdate=2007-06-27| date=2004-10-12| publisher=The Mauritius Post Ltd}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web| url=http://pmo.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=5d96d575d1a88010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD| title=Rodrigues: achievements after three years of autonomy| accessdate=2007-06-27| date=2005-10-25| publisher=Government of Mauritius}}</ref> Kilipata hadhi kama wilaya ya utawala ya 10 ya Mauritius kabla ya kupata uhuru wa kujitawala . <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2833.htm#political| title=Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, foreign relations of Mauritius. - Government and political conditions| accessdate=2007-06-22| month=June| year=2007| work=Bureau of African Affairs| publisher=U.S Department of State}}</ref>
*[[Agalega,]] visiwa viwili vilivyo kilomita 933 (maili 580) kaskazini mwa Mauritius, vinajulikana kwa ufugaji wa kuku .
*[[Cargados Carajos,]] ambacho pia kinajulikana kama Kisiwa cha Saint Brandon, kiko kilomita 402 (maili 250) kaskazini mwa Mauritius .
===Kingo za uvuvi katika maeneo yaliyotengewa shughuli za kiuchumi ===
Fuo nne zilizozama za uvuvi zimetajwa katika hati za serikali zinayosema kuwa ziko katika maeneo yaliyotengewa shughuli za kiuchumi [[:]]
*[[Ufuo Soudan ]](ikiwemo Ufuo wa Soudan Mashariki )
*[[Ufuo Nazareti ]]
*[[Ufuo wa Sayaṃ de Malha ]]
*[[Ufuo wa Hawkins]]
===Visiwa vinavyodaiwa kuitegemea Mauritius ===
Mauritius pia inadai kumiliki maeneo yafuatayo : <ref name="CIA-Transnational issues">{{cite web| url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mp.html#Issues| title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Mauritius| accessdate=2007-11-194| publisher=CIA}}</ref>
*[[Kisiwa cha Tromelin ,]] kilicho chini ya umiliki ya Ufaransa kwa sasa .
*[[Chagos Archipelago,]] ambayo kwa sasa iko chini ya umiliki wa Uingereza kama Eneo katika Bahari la Hindi lililo chini ya umiliki wa Uingereza (BIOT ).
==Uchumi==
[[File:Port Louis Skyline.JPG|thumb|300px|Mandhari ya Port Louis kutoka juu, mji mkuu wa Mauritius ]]
{{main|Economy of Mauritius}}
Tangu inyakue uhuru mwaka wa 1968, Mauritius imeendelea kukua kutoka nchi yenye mapato madogo na [[inayotegemea ukulima ]]hadi nchi yenye mapato ya kadri yenye shughuli mbalimbali za kiuchumi, na inaendelea kukua katika sekta ya viwanda, sekta ya fedha na sekta [[ya utalii.]] miaka mingi sasa, uchumi umekua kwa kati ya asili mia 5 na 6 kila mwaka . Jambo hili limedhihirika wazi kwani watu wanaishi kwa miaka mingi zaidi, vifo vya watoto vimepunguka na [[miundomsingi.]] imeimarishwa.
Usawa wa uwezo wa Ununuzi ulikadiriwa kuwa dola 10, 155 za Amerika mwaka wa 2005 <ref name="GDP">{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ICPINT/Resources/ICPreportprelim.pdf|title=2005 International Comparison Program|author=[[World Bank]]|accessdate=2008-04-07|format=PDF}}</ref> Mauritius ni nchi ya saba [[iliyo na uwezo mkubwa zaidi wa uzalishaji,]] katika Afrika baada ya[[Réunion]] (Dola 19,233 za Amerika kwa thamani ya ubadilishanaji wa sarafu),<ref>{{fr_icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/reunion/rfc/docs/ter2007_11_1_resultats_economiques.pdf|title=11.1 - RÉSULTATS ÉCONOMIQUES|author=[[INSEE]] Réunion|accessdate=2008-04-07|format=PDF}}</ref> [[Seychelles ]]((Dola 13,887 za Amerika kwa usawa wa uwezo wa ununuzi) , [[Gabon]] (Dola 12,742 za Amerika kwa usawa wa uwezo wa ununuzi) , [[Botswana]] (Dola 12,057 za Amerika kwa usawa wa uwezo wa ununuzi , [[Equitorial Guinea ]](Dola 11,999 za Amerika kwa usawa wa uwezo wa ununuz ), na [[Libya]] (Dola 10,727 za Amerika kwa usawa wa uwezo wa ununuzi). <ref name="GDP"></ref> Uchumi unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa mashamba ya miwa, utalii, utengenezaji wa nguo, na huduma, ingawa sekta zingine pia zinaendelea kukua. Mauritius, Libya, na Ushelisheli ndizo nchi za pekee Africa zilizo na makadirio ya juu zaidi ya Maendeleo [[]](Réunion,, kwa kuwa iko chini ya Ufaransa, haijawekwa na Umoja wa Mataifa katika orodha hii ).
Yamepandwa [[miwa]] katika asili mia 90 ya maeneo yaliyolimwa na inachangia aslilimia 25 ya mapato yanayotokana na uuzaji wa bidhaa katika nchi za nje . Hata hivyo, ukame uliovunja rekodi kwa ukali wake uliharibu miwa mwaka wa 1999. Mpango wa serikali wa maendeleo unajishughuisha zaidi na uwekezaji katika nchi za nje. Mauritius imevutia zaidi ya wawekezaji 9000 kutoka nchi za nje, hasa wa nchi za India na Afrika Kusini ilhali uwekezaji katika sekta ya [[benki]] pekee yake ni zaidi ya dola bilioni moja. Kati ya mwaka 2000 na 2004, uchumi wa Mauritius ilikua ingawa ukosefu wa ajira pia uliongezeka na haya mawili yalipowekwa pamoja yalifikia asilimia 7.6 kufikia Desemba 2004. Nchi ya Ufaransa ndiyo mshiriki mkuu wa Mauritius katika biashara na ina uhusiaono wa karibu na nchi hiyo. Ufaransa pia huipatia Mauritius msaada wa kiteknolojia kwa njia mbalimbali.
Ili kuwawezesha wananchi kununua bidhaa kutoka ng’ambo kwa bei nafuu na kuwavutia watalii wanaoenda [[Singapore]] na [[Dubai,]] Mauritius ina mpango wa kujibadilisha kuwa [[kisiwa kisichotoza kodi]] katika muda wa miaka minne ijayo . Kodi tayari imeondolewa kwa bidhaa kadhaa na kupunguzwa kwa zaidi ya bidhaa 1850 zikiwemo mavazi, chakula, mapambo, vifaa vya kupiga picha, vifaa vya kupasha habari, na vifaa vya kutoa mwangaza. <ref>[45] ^ [http://www.trend-news.com/default.asp?newsid=149 Mpango wa mauzo bila ushuru nchini Mauritius,] TREND-News.com, 04-06-2005</ref> Pia, mabadiliko yamefanywa ili kuvutia biashara mpya. Lakini, mojawapo ya vikwazo vikubwa zaidi ni msongamano wa magari kati ya miji, ambao unazorotesha maendeleo Mauritius . Kodi ya kampuni ilipunguzwa kwa asilimia 15 ili kuvutia kampuni za ng’ambo kufanya biashara na uwekezaji kwa kuimarisha biashara zao au kwa njia zingine . {{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}
Mpango wa ADB Networks inanuia kuifanya Mauritius nchi ya kwanza kuwa na mtandao wa kompyuta isiyotumia nyaya kutoka pwani hadi pwani [[.]] Asilimia 60 ya kisiwa hiki tayari imefikiwa na mtandao huu na asilimia 70 ya wananchi wa Mauritius wanaweza kuitumia .
Mauritius imenyakua nafasi ya kwanza kati ya nchi zinazoruhusu uimarishaji wa kampuni za kigeni kutoka [[]]India, inyoipatia mapato ya hadi dola bilioni 10.98 za Amerika . Sekta kuu zinazovutia mapato kutaokana na kampuni za kigeni nchini Mauritius kati ya Januari 2000 na Desemba 2005 ni pamoja na vifaa vya stima, mawasiliano, mafuta, simiti, bidhaa zilizotengenezwa kwa jasi, na sekta ya huduma (ya kifedha na isiyo ya kifedha). <ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |coauthors= |title=India and Mauritius To Work For Greater FDI Inflow into India's Infrastructure|date=2006-04-18 |publisher=Government of India, Department of Commerce. |url=http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=232 |work = |pages = |accessdate = 2008-10-11 |language = }}</ref>
==Usafiri==
Usafiri nchini Mauritius hufanyika bila malipo kwa wanafunzi, walemavu, madaktari na wazee, tangu Julai 2005 .
Anayepaswa kusifiwa kwa jambo hili ni Mheshimiwa Daktari Navinchandra Ramgoolam, Waziri Mkuu wa sasa wa Mauritius, aliyetoa ahadi hii wakati wa kampeni zake za uchaguzi mkuu .
== Elimu ==
{{main|Education in Mauritius}}
Elimu ni ya bure kwa kila raia mzaliwa wa Mauritius kutoka kiwango cha shule za nasari hadi shule za upili .
Kabla ya mwaka wa 2001, shule nyingi za kifahari zilikuwa zinajulikana kama “Shule za Nyota” na kila mwaka, wanafunzi waliofanya mitihani ya CPE wangeng’ang’ana ili kupata nafasi ya kujiunga na shule hizo kupitia mtindo wa kuyapanga mashule kulingana na ubora wa matokeo. Mwaka wa 2001, serikali, wakati Steven Obeegadoo alipokuwa Waziri wa Elimu, iliamua kuufanyia mabadiliko mfumo wa Elimu nchini Mauritius. Mtindo huo wa kuyapanga mashule kulingana na ubora wa matokeo ulitupiliwa mbali na badala yake kukawekwa mtindo wa gredi pamoja na ule wa kimaeneo uliolenga kuwashawishi wazazi kuwapeleka watoto katika shule zilizo karibu na makazi yao . Mnamo Februari 2006, wakati Dharambeer Gokhool alipokuwa Waziri wa Elimu, mtindo wa “A+”, uliokuwa unafanana na ule wa uliokuwapo kabla ya mwaka 2001 ulirejeshwa . Wanafunzi waliofanya mitihani ya CPE walipaswa kupata gredi ya “A+” katika masomo yote ili waweze kupata nafasi ya kujiunga na “Vyuo vya Kitaifa” ambavyo viliwavutia wengi sawa na namna “Vyuo vya nyota” vilivyokuwa hapo awali kabla ya mabadiliko kufanywa. <ref> http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/pnqans281106.pdf.</ref>.
Ifuatayo ni orodha ya "Vyuo vya Kitaifa "bila kufuata mpangilio wowote <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/=?content_id=dcecc4a218cb4110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD |title=CABINET DECISIONS - 24 AUGUST 2007 | date=August 2007 |accessdate=2009-09-07}}</ref> <ref> http://www.gov.mu/portal/sites/mesweb/cpe_results_2008.htm</ref>
=== Vyuo vya kitaifa ===
*Chuo cha John Kennedy
*Taasisi ya Mahatma Gandhi
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Piton
*Chuo cha Royal cha Curepipe
*Chuo cha Royal cha Port Louis
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sir Abdool Raman Osman
*Chuo cha Sir Leckraz Teelock SSS
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sookdeo Bissoondoyal
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Dk Maurice Cure
*Chuo cha Kitaifa D Ramphul
*Chuo cha Forest Side SSS
*Chuo cha France Boyer de la Giroday SSS
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Gaëtan Raynal
*Taasisi ya Mahatma Gandhi
*Chuo cha Kitaifa cha GMD Atchia
*Chuo cha ueen Elizabeth
===Shule za Katoliki ===
* [[Chuo cha College du Saint-Esprit,]] Quatre Bornes
* [[Chuo cha St Joseph's ,]] Curepipe
* [[Chuo cha Saint Mary's ,]] Rose-Hill
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Rose-Hill
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Quatre Bornes
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Curepipe
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Mahebourg
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Saint Pierre
* [[Chuo cha Loreto ]]Port Louis
* [[Chuo cha Bon et Perpétuel Secours,]] Beau-Bassin
* Chuo cha Notre Dame
* [[Shule ya St Andrew's ]]
* Chuo cha College de la Confiance, Beau-Bassin
* Chuo cha College Lorette de Bambous-Virieux
===Shule za Kibinafsi===
* [[Shule ya Kimataifa ya Le Bocage ]]
* Shule ya Lycée Labourdonnais
* Shule ya Lycée Des Mascareignes
* Shule ya École du Nord
* Shule ya École du Centre
* Chuo cha New Eton
==Idadi ya Watu==
{{main|Demographics of Mauritius}}
Mauritius inakadiriwa kuwa na watu 1,264,867. Kufikia [[31 Desemba]] 2007, idadi ya watu katika Kisiwa cha Mauritius pekee ilikuwa 1,227,078.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/cso/ei683/toc.htm |title=Population and Vital Statistics, Republic of Mauritius, Year 2007 - Highlights |publisher=Central Statistics Office (Mauritius)|accessdate=2008-05-26 |month=March | year=2008}}</ref> Jamii ya Mauritius ina watu kutoka makabila mbalimbali. Wananchi wa Mauritius ni wajukuu wa watu waliotoka barani Afrika [[(waliozungumza Krioli ya Mauritius na ]]wanaojulikana kama ‘Creoles’),India [[(Indo-Mauritius),]] Ufaransa [[(Franco-Mauritian)]] na Uchina [[(Sino-Mauritian),]] miongoni mwa sehemu zingine.
===Dini===
Asilimia 52 ya wananchi ni wa Dini ya Kihindi, asilimia 28.4 ni Wakatoliki, asilimia 16.6 ni Waisilamu na asilimia 3 ni wa dini zingine zisizojulikana . Kuna kikundi cha wahamiaji wanaoitwa [[Bhumihar Brahmin]] nchini Mauritius ambao wamefanikiwa katika sekta mbalimbali. <ref>{{cite book| first = Meenakshi| last = Thapan (ed.)| title = Transnational Migration and the Politics of Identity | publisher = [[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]| year = 2005| isbn = 978-0761934257| page = 320}}</ref> Makanisa na hekalu za [[Dravidian kutoka Tamil]] pagodas na mahekalu zinapatikana zinapatikana huko kwa wingi.<ref name="tim">{{Cite book| last =Mountain| first =Alan et al.|title= This is Mauritius|chapter=Mauritius|page= 53 - 54}}</ref>
Wakrioli wengi ni Wakristo. Wengi wa Waislamu na jamii yote ya Wahindi inatoka India na Pakistan . Waislamu wengine pia wanatoka Mashariki ya Kati . Wahindu wanajumuisha wanazungumzaji wa lugha za [[Bhojpuri, Tamil, Marathi na Telangu]]. Watu wachache wana asili ya Kichina, wengi ambao wamekubali kuwa Wakristo, wakiifuata dhehebu la Wakatoliki Warumi . Wengine wanafuata dini zenye itikadi za Buddha na Confucia . Katiba ya nchi hiyo inawatambua waliobaki kama watu wa kawaida . Hivi majuzi, kuna watu kadha walipaza sauti wakiutetea ‘ukrioli’ wa wajukuu wa watumwa wa zamani . Viongozi wanaonekana kuliunga mkono jambo hilo kwani walianzisha ‘Festival Créole’ yaani tamasha za Krioli zinazodhaminiwa na kuandaliwa na serikali .
===Lugha===
[[Katiba]] ya Mauritius haitaji lolote kuhusu [[lugha rasmi]] na wananchi wake milioni moja wanazungumza [[Kiingereza, Kifaransa]] au [[Krioli ya Mauritius ,ambayo ni Krioli iliyo ]]na [[msingi wa Kifaransa.]] <ref> http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20081018/wl_africa_afp/mauritiusculturelanguagefrancophonie_081018200526</ref> Ni [[Bunge]] pekee ndiko lugha rasmi ni Kiingereza lakini mbunge yeyote anaweza kumwongelesha Mwenyekiti kwa Kifaransa . <ref name="article49"></ref> <ref> http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gn6YyJpIZpbt91LA3lwzKzWG6UXA
</ref> Hata hivyo, Kiingereza kimekubaliwa kama lugha rasmi ya Mauritius na kama lugha inayotumika katika ofisi za serikali na mahakamani. [[Lingua Franca]] ni Krioli. <ref name="brandeis.edu"></ref>
Nchini Mauritius, watu hubadili lugha kulingana na hali ilivyo . <ref name="chass.utoronto.ca"></ref> zote zinatumika katika biashara na Kiingereza kinatumika katika mashule na shughuli za kiserikali . <ref name="chass.utoronto.ca"></ref> Kifaransa na Kiingereza ambazo zimepewa hadhi kuu kwa muda sasa, zinapendelewa zaidi katika nyanja za elimu na kazi. <ref name="chass.utoronto.ca"> ~ http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/ cpercy/courses/6362-chiba.htm</ref> Pia, magazeti mengi na vyombo vya habari hutumia lugha ya Kifaransa. <ref name="m2002.thecgf.com"> http://m2002.thecgf.com/Nations/Africa/Mauritius/default.asp</ref>
Krioli ya Mauritius, ambayo inazungumzwa na asilimia 90 ya wananchi, inachukuliwa kama lugha asili ya nchi hiyo na inatumika zaidi katika mazingira yasiyo rasmi . <ref name="chass.utoronto.ca"></ref> Lugha hii ilianza kuzungumzwa na watumwa waliotumia [[lugha pidgin]]katika mawasiliano kati yao wenyewe na pia mawasiliano na wakoloni Wafaransa, ambao hawakuzielewa lugha mbalimbali za Kiafrika . Katika vizazi vilivyofuata, Pijini hii ilikua na baadaye iligeuka ikawa lugha isiyo rasmi . <ref name="m2002.thecgf.com"></ref> Krioli ya Mauritius ni [[Krioli iliyo na misingi ya lugha ya Kifaransa]] kutokana na uhusiano wake wa karibu na matamko na misamiati ya Kifaransa . <ref>[72] ^ {{cite book |last=Holm |first=J. |authorlink= |title=Pidgins and Creoles |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1989 |location=New York |pages=476 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false}} kurasa.353.</ref>
Lugha zingine zinazogungumzwa nchini Mauritius ni pamoja na [[Tamil, Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Hakka]] (ambayo ni lugha ndogo ya Kichina), [[Gujarati,]] na [[Bhojpuri,]] ambayo ni mkusanyiko wa lugha kadhaa ndogo zilizozungumzwa na wahamiaji wa Kihindi . <ref name="brandeis.edu"> http://www.brandeis.edu/coexistence/linked% 20documents/Nigel% 20 -% 20Mauritius% 20FINAL.pdf.</ref> Wananchi wengi wa Mauritius huzungumza angalau lugha mbili au lugha tatu . <ref> http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=dd86a309d9ece110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD</ref> <ref> http://74.125.113.132/search?q=cache:9wPofOfgOiEJ:www.gov.mu/portal/goc/webattorney/file/briefing.pdf+most+MAURITIANS+bilingual <& cd = 10 & hl = fr & ct = clnk & gl = ca</ref> <ref name="m2002.thecgf.com"></ref> <ref name="brandeis.edu"></ref>
==Utamaduni==
{{Main|Culture of Mauritius|Music of Mauritius}}
[[File:Sega.drumdancer.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Mwanamke anacheza Sega kule Pointe-aux-Piments, Mauritius.]]
Upishi wa Mauritius ni mchanganyiko wa athari za Kihindi, Krioli, Kichina na Ulaya . Ni jambo la kawaida kupata ya kuwa mkusanyiko wa mapishi unatumika kutengeneza mlo mmoja.
Utengenezaji wa mvinyo aina ya [[Rum,]] kutoka kwa miwa umeenea katika kisiwa chote. Miwa ilipandwa kwa mara ya kwanza na Wadachi mwaka wa 1638. Wadachi hasa walipanda miwa ili kutengeneza [["arrack",]] iliyotangulia utengenezaji wa “rum. Hata hivyo, ilikuwa ni wakati wa utawala wa Wafaransa na Waingereza ndipo uzalishaji wa miwa uliimarishwa ipasavyo, na hii ilichangia pakubwa katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya kisiwa hicho. {{Citation needed|date=October 2007}} Pierre Charles François Harel alikuwa wa kwanza kutoa ushauri wa kutengeneza mvinyo wa rum katika nchi ya Mauritius mwaka wa 1850. Pombe pia inategenezwa katika kisiwa hicho na kampuni ya Phoenix Brewery .
''[[Sega]]'' ni wa aina ya muziki ya kitamaduni. Sega ina asili za Kiafrika na vyombo vya muziki vinavyochezwa kwa kupiga katika densi hii vimetengenezwa kwa ngozi ya mbuzi inavyoitwa ''ravane'' na vifaa vya chuma vyenye ''[[umbo la pembe tatu .]]'' Nyimbo hizi mara nyingi huzungumzia mateso ya utumwa, na zinatumika kama tashtiti za kijamii ili kuzungumzia kutokuwa na usawa kati ya weupe na weusi. Wanaume hucheza ala za mziki ilhali wanawake hucheza kwa mwenendo ambao kwa wakati mwingi huonyesha ashiki . <ref name="wom">{{Cite book| last =Macdonald| first =Fiona et al.|title= Peoples of Africa|chapter=Mauritius|page= 340 - 341}}</ref>
[[File:ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg|thumb|150px|Mauritius ilikuwa inajulikana kama nchi ya pekee iliyo makazi ya ndege aitwaye Dodo]]
Mwaka wa 1847, Mauritius ilikuwa sehemu ya tano ulimwenguni kutoa [[stampu za kutuma barua.]] Aina mbili za stampu zilizotolewa wakati huo zilijulikana kama ''[[Stampu za ]]"Ofisi ya Posta ya Mauritius"'' zilikuwa na "Peni Nyekundu " na "peni mbili za Samawati" na ndizo stampu maarufu na zenye thamani zaidi duniani.
Kilipogunduliwa, Kisiwa cha Mauritius kilikuwa ndiyo makao ya ndege ambaye awali hakujulikana, na Wareno walimwita [[Dodo]] (mjinga), kwa kuwa ndege hao walionekana kuwa si werevu sana . Kufikia 1681, dodo wote walikuwa wameshauliwa na wahamiaji au na [[wanyama wao wa nyumbani. ]] Nadharia nyingine inasema ya kuwa [[nguruwe ndume wa mwituni ]]walioletwa kutoka nchi za nje na ambao baadaye waliachiliwa huru waliwaua ndege hao ambao walizaana polepole mno. Dodo ameonyeshwa akiwa [[ameshikilia ]]nembo ya Mauritius [[]](tazama hapo juu).
Kisiwa hicho pia kimeweza kutoa maandishi ya aina nyingi, hasa kwa lugha ya Kifaransa, Kiingereza na Krioli. [[Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio,]] mshindi wa 2008 [[wa tuzo ]]la [[katika Fasihi,]] ni mwananchi wa Mauritius wa asili ya [[Kifaransa ]]na anayeishi katika kisiwa hicho kwa miezi kadhaa kila mwaka.
Nchini Mauritius, sikukuu zifuatazo zinasherehekewa; [[Krismasi, Cavadee,Mwaka Mpya wa Kichina , Pere Laval, Diwali, Mahashivratri]] na [[Eid Al-Fitr]]. [82]
Shughuli za burudani nchini Mauritius ni za aina nyingi na zinachangia pakubwa sekta ya utalii. Michezo ya maji inafanywa katika kisiwa hicho kilichozingirwa na mwamba wa matumbawe, hali inayohakikisha kuwepo kwa maji mengi matulivu na yasiyo na kina . Shughuli kama uvuvi katika bahari kuu, kuelea majini kwa kutumia nguvu za upepo, kuteleza juu ya maji kwa kutumia vyombo maalum, kupanda mashua na wakati mwingine nyambizi, ni baadhi ya shughuli za burudani zinazohusiana na maji.
Shughuli za burudani zinazofanywa katika ardhi ni pamoja na mchezo wa gofu, mchezo wa tenisi, mchezo wa kuteleza juu ya theluji, kupiga mbizi baharini, uwindaji wa kulungu, kuendesha baiskeli katika maeneo ya milima,[[ kuteremka kutoka maeneo yaliyo juu kwa kutumia kamba,]] kubembea hewani kwa kutumia kamba, kuendesha farasi, na kutembea. Hata hivyo, nyingi ya shughuli hizi za faragha hufanywa na tabaka la wenye uwezo tu.
==Nguvu za umeme==
Mauritius hutumia kifaa kikuu kinachosambaza stima iliyo na kipimo cha nguvu ya umeme inayofikia Volti 220 50 Hz. Inatumia vizibo vya aina ya C na G:
[[File:Europlug.png|thumb|"Europlug" (cee 7 / 16)]]
[[File:G plug.png|thumb|(BS1363 Fused 13 A)]]
Tazama [[Mains Power Around ya Dunia]] kwa maelezo zaidi.
==Uorodheshaji kimataifa==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Uchunguzi
! Shirika
! Uorodheshaji
|-
| [http://www.heritage.org/Index/ Kipimo cha uhuru wa kiuchumi 2008 ]
| [[Heritage Foundation]] / [[The Wall Street Journal]]
| 18 kati ya 157
|-
| [http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table Kipimo cha utambuzi wa ufisadi 2008]
| [[Transparency International]]
| 41 kati ya 180
|-
| [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ Kipimi cha urahisi wa kufanya biashara (ripoti ya 2010)]
| [[World Bank Group]]
| 17 kati ya 183
|-
| [http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/ Kipimo cha nafasi za maendeleo ya kiteknolojia (2007)]
| [[International Telecommunication Union ]]
| 50 kati ya 181
|-
| [http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 Kipimo cha uhuru wa wanahabari (2007)]
| [[Reporters Without Borders]]
| 25 kati ya 169
|-
| [http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ Kipimo cha maendeleo ya watu (2008) ]
| [[United Nations Development Programme ]]
| 74 kati ya 177
|}
==Tazama pia==
{{portal|Africa|Flag of Mauritius.svg}}
{{portal|Commonwealth realms|Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations.svg}}
{{main|Outline of Mauritius}}
*[[Uwanja wa Kimataifa wa Ndege wa Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]]
*[[Air Mauritius]] - Kampuni ya ndege ya kitaifa
*[[Kikundi cha Mauritius Scout Association]]
*[[The Mauritius Command ,]] kitabu kilichoandikwa na [[Patrick O'Brian]]
==kumbukumbu. ^ a b Central Bureau of Statistics — Population Projections by Province 2. ^ Pulse Africa. "Not to be Missed: Nairobi 'Green City in the Sun'". pulseafrica.com. http://www.pulseafrica.com/Highlights_1110000000_1_Nairobi+Green+City+In+The+Sun.htm. Ilitolewa 2007-06-14. 3. ^ City-Data.com. "Nairobi History". http://www.city-data.com/. http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Nairobi-History.html. Ilitolewa 2008-08-25. 4. ^ http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Nairobi-History.html 5. ^ AlNinga. "Attractions of Nairobi". alninga.com. http://alninga.com/articles-directory/relationships/dating/attractions-of-nairobi.html. Ilitolewa 2007-06-14. 6. ^ "Population distribution by province/district and sex: 1979-199 censuses". Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics. http://www.cbs.go.ke/sectoral/population/census1999.html. Ilitolewa 2009-03-20. 7. ^ Bauk. "Håvar Bauck's city guide to Nairobi". bauck.com. http://www.bauck.com/places/nairobi.asp#The_business_hub_of_Africa. Ilitolewa 2007-06-17. 8. ^ http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php 9. ^ United Nations University. "Nairobi: National capital and regional hub". unu.edu. http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm. Ilitolewa 2007-06-17. 10. ^ RCBowen Kenya. "Attractions of Nairobi". kenya.rcbowen.com. http://kenya.rcbowen.com/cities/nairobi.html. Ilitolewa 2007-06-18. 11. ^ Merriam-Webster, Inc (1997). Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. pp. 786. ISBN 0877795460. http://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&amp;amp;pg=PA786&amp;amp;d. 12. ^ Dutton, E.A.T. (1929). "1". Kenya Mountain. Introduction by Hilaire Belloc (1 ed.). London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 1–2. 13. ^ United States Embassy. "Quiet Memorials Mark Fourth Anniversary of Embassy Bombing". usembassy.gov. http://www.usembassy.gov/nairobi/wwwhrann.html. Ilitolewa 2007-06-17. 14. ^ Perceptive Travel. "Nairobi by Degrees". perceptivetravel.com. http://www.perceptivetravel.com/issues/0506/hein.htm. Ilitolewa 2007-06-14. 15. ^ The East African (1998-11-02). "Karura: Are We Missing the Trees for the Forest?". nationmedia.com. http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/0211/Opinion/Opinion3.html. Ilitolewa 2007-06-14. 16. ^ World Travels. "Nairobi Climate and Weather". wordtravels.com. http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Kenya/Nairobi/Climate. Ilitolewa 2007-06-14. 17. ^ United Nations. "Travel and Visa Information". unhabitat.org. http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?typeid=19&amp;amp;catid=546&amp;amp;cid=4939. Ilitolewa 2007-06-20. 18. ^ Gaisma. "Nairobi, Kenya - Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times, table". gaisma.com. http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/nairobi.html. Ilitolewa 2007-06-22. 19. ^ "Average Conditions Nairobi, Kenya". BBC Weather. http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000300. Ilitolewa August 18 2009. 20. ^ Nairobi City Council. "Councillors, Wards &amp;amp; Constituencies". nairobicity.org. http://www.nairobicity.org/departments/councillors.asp?search=%25&amp;amp;page=1. Ilitolewa 2007-06-20. 21. ^ See: Nairobi Province 22. ^ Nairobi City Council. "Living in Nairobi". nairobicity.org. http://www.nairobicity.org/articles/default.asp?search=living. Ilitolewa 2007-06-20. 23. ^ Monsters and Critics. "Urban Somali refugees call Nairobi's "Little Mogadishu" home". news.monstersandcritics.com. http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1233394.php/Urban_Somali_refugees_call_Nairobis_little_Mogadishu_home. Ilitolewa 2007-06-20. 24. ^ Travel Blackboard. "Nairobi". etravelblackboard.com. http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?nav=65&amp;amp;id=58431. Ilitolewa 2007-06-25. 25. ^ The Standard. "Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing". eastandard.net. http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&amp;amp;date=30/10/2004. Ilitolewa 2007-06-25. 26. ^ See: Nobel Peace Prize 27. ^ Millennium IT. "Live Trading commences at Nairobi Stock Exchange". millenniumit.com. http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php. Ilitolewa 2007-06-28. 28. ^ Business Daily. "General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi". bdafrica.com. http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=1291&amp;amp;Itemid=4744. Ilitolewa 2007-06-18. 29. ^ Press Media Wire. "Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi". pressmediawire.com. http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153. Ilitolewa 2008-07-20. 30. ^ "KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks". nationmedia.com. http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&amp;amp;newsid=82743. Ilitolewa Oktoba 15 2006. 31. ^ Nairobi City Council. "The Beautification of Nairobi City Project". nairobicity.org. http://www.nairobicity.org/projects/projects_full_story.asp?search=beautif. Retrieved 2007-06-28. 32. ^ Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. "Vice president Moody Awori urges investors to market the country". kbc.co.ke. http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=43359. Ilitolewa 2007-06-28. 33. ^ Emporis Buildings. "Nairobi High Rise Buildings". emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100051&amp;amp;bt=2&amp;amp;ht=2&amp;amp;sro=1. Ilitolewa 2007-06-25. 34. ^ United Nations Office at Nairobi. "The "Green City in the Sun"". unon.org. http://www.unon.org/karibukenya/chap2.php?page=1. Ilitolewa 2007-07-02. 35. ^ Serena Hotels. "About Nairobi, Green City in the Sun". serenahotels.com. http://www.serenahotels.com/kenya/nairobi/areamap.asp. Ilitolewa 2007-07-02. 36. ^ "Orchestra Super Mazembe". National Geographic. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/orchestra_super_mazembe_28113. Ilitolewa 2007-11-04. 37. ^ "Moi International Sports Centre". Stadia. http://www.stadiumskenya.co.ke/default2.asp?active_page_id=835. Ilitolewa 2007-11-04. 38. ^ "Nyayo National Stadium renamed in $1.5M". variouse. http://www.kenyafootball.com/index.php?doc=story&amp;amp;id=3426&amp;amp;categ=1&amp;amp;PHPSESSID=881b3f89f8675c3afa5aac040f1a08bd. Ilitolewa 2009-02-04. 39. ^ "Nyayo National Stadium Facilities". Stadia. http://www.stadiumskenya.co.ke/default2.asp?active_page_id=836. Ilitolewa 2007-11-04. 40. ^ "Golf in Kenya with Tobs Kenya Golf Safaris". kenya-golf-safaris.com. http://www.kenya-golf-safaris.com/html/golf_in_kenya.html. Ilitolewa 2007-11-04. 41. ^ "PGA Golf Tournament Begins in Nairobi". Kenya Tourist Board. http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/0/69906EA06BF9725243256B6F002E18AD?opendocument&amp;amp;l=1&amp;amp;p=y. Ilitolewa 2007-11-04. 42. ^ The Standard, April 3, 2009: Kenya Derby is main Jockey Club of Kenya event 43. ^ "Kenya Wildlife Service - Nairobi NP". kws.org. http://www.kws.org/nairobi.html. Ilitolewa Oktoba 18 2006. 44. ^ BBC NEWS | World | Africa | East Africa's ice skating first 45. ^ Kenya Airports Authority. "Welcome to Jomo Kenyatta Intl. Airport". kenyaairports.com. http://www.kenyaairports.com/jkia/IndexJkia.php. Ilitolewa 2007-06-25. 46. ^ Airport Technology. "Jomo Kenyatta Intl. Airport Expansion". airport-technology.com. http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/jomo-kenyatta/. Retrieved 2007-06-25. 47. ^ United Nations Offices Nairobi Interns. "How to get around Nairobi". interns.unon.org. http://interns.unon.org/index%206.1.html. Ilitolewa 2007-07-05. 48. ^ "Crackdown hits Kenyan commuters". BBC. 2004-02-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3450777.stm. Ilitolewa 2006-07-03. 49. ^ http://www.globalurban.org/Issue1PIMag05/Sheehan%20article.htm 50. ^ BBC News. "Living amidst the rubbish of Kenya's slum". http://news.bbc.co.uk/. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4261846.stm. Ilitolewa 2008-08-25. 51. ^ http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=62409 52. ^ CSG Kibera. "What is Kibera?". http://www.csgkibera.org/. http://www.csgkibera.org/. Ilitolewa 2008-08-25. 53. ^ High Beam Encyclopedia. "The slums of Nairobi: explaining urban misery". encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-150852093.html. Ilitolewa 2007-07-02. 54. ^ Kenya Engineer. "Housing estate being developed at Stoney Athi". kenyaengineer.com. http://www.kenyaengineer.com/newsdetails.php?NewsID=314&amp;amp;AuthorID=45&amp;amp;CountryID=7&amp;amp;NewsTypeID=16&amp;amp;IssueID=36. Ilitolewa 2007-07-02. 55. ^ Nairobi - Ethos International 56. ^ Build cities to contain population explosion 57. ^ http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/video-and-audio/video-women-kibera-kenya-20090306 58. ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E5DE143DF93AA15752C1A9679C8B63 59. ^ Xinhua News. "U.N. Starts Crime Study in Kenya's Capital". http://www.xinhuanet.com/. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20010428/402881.htm. Ilitolewa 2008-08-25. 60. ^ Kenya Police. "Comparative Crime Figures for the Year 2005 and 2006" (PDF). http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/. http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/resources/com_2.pdf. Ilitolewa 2008-08-25. 61. ^ https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=64215 62. ^ "University of Nairobi". www.uonbi.ac.ke. http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/governance/history.php. Ilitolewa 2007-01-13.Marejeleo==
{{reflist|2}}
==Kusoma Zaidi==
*{{cite book | last = Macdonald | first = Fiona|coauthors=Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Elizabeth Paren, Kevin Shillington, Gillian Stacey, Philip Steele| title = Peoples of Africa| publisher = Marshall Cavendish | chapter=Mauritius|date = 2001 | location = US | isbn = 9780761471585}}
*{{cite book | last = Mountain | first = Alan |coauthors=Alain Proust| title = This is Mauritius | publisher = Struik| date = 2000 | location = | isbn = 9781843303015}}
*{{cite book | last = Eisenlohr | first = Patrick | title = Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius | publisher = University of California Press| date = 2006 | location = Berkeley | isbn = 9780520248809}}
*Dodd, Jan na Madeleine Philippe. ''Lonely Planet Mauritius Reunion & Seychelles.'' Lonely Planet Publications, 2004. ISBN 1-74059-301-4
*Lee, Jacques:''Mauritius: Its Creole Language - The Ultimate Creole Phrase Book na Dictionary,'' Paperback kurasa 160 [[(15 Agosti,]] 2005), Mchapishaji : Nautilus, ISBN 0-9511296-4-3.
*Lee, Jacques: ''Sega: The Mauritian Folk Dance,'' Paperback kurasa 104 (December 1990), Mchapishaji : Nautilus, ISBN 0-9511296-1-9
*Khal Torabully, ''Coolitude: An Anthology Indian Labour Diaspora'' (na Marina Carter, Anthem Press, London, 2002) ISBN 1843310031
==Mitandao mingine==
*[http://www.gov.mu/ Government of Mauritius]
*{{CIA_World_Factbook_link|mp|Mauritius}}
*[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/mauritius.htm Mauritius] kutoka ''kwa Maktaba za UCB GovPubs''
*{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Mauritius}}
*{{wikiatlas|Mauritius}}
*{{wikitravel}}
{{Mauritius topics|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Template group
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{{Template group
|title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale
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'''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{coord|20|10|S|57|31|E|display=inline}} <font color="darkblue">(Port Louis)</font>'''
{{Countries of Africa}}
{{Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean}}
}}
{{Template group
|title = Languages
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{{La Francophonie|state=collapsed}}
{{Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)|state=collapsed}}
{{English dialects by continent}}
{{English official language clickable map}}
}}
{{Template group
|title = International membership
|list =
{{Southern African Development Community (SADC)}}
{{African Union (AU)}}
{{Indo-Iranian-speaking regions}}
{{Commonwealth of Nations}}
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}}
[[Category:Mauritius]]
[[Category:Nchi za Afrika]]
[[Category:Nchi za Umoja wa Afrika]]
[[Category:Nchi za Bahari ya Hindi]]
[[Category:Nchi za Visiwa ]]
[[Category:Visiwa vya Afrika]]
[[Category:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]]
[[Category:Nchi na sehemu ambazo Kiingereza kinazungumzwa]]
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[[Category:Makoloni ya zamani ya Uholanzi makoloni]]
[[Category:Nchi zinazozungumza Kifaransa]]
[[Category:Volkano zinazolipuka]]
[[Category:Demokrasia zinazopendelea mabadiliko]]
[[Category:Mataifa Wanachama wa La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Nchi za Jumuiya ya Madola]]
[[Category:Uvolkano wa Miocene ]]
[[Category:Jamhuri]]
[[Category:Mataifa na maeneo yaliyoanzishwa mwaka 1968]]
[[Category:Volkeno za Mauritius]]
[[af:Mauritius]]
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