Madhara ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Jarida lililochapishwa mnamo mwaka wa 2008 na kikundi cha watafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin wakiongozwa na Anders Carlson walitumia mfano wa kuyeyeka kwa theluji katika miaka 9000 kabla ya wakati wa sasa kama njia ya swa ya kutabiri kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini kwa urefu wa mita 1.3 katika karne ijayo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14634-sea-level-rises-could-far-exceed-ipcc-estimates.html|title=Sea level rises could far exceed IPCC estimates|accessdate=2009-01-24|publisher=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/ngeo285|title=Rapid early Holocene deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet|year=2008|author=Carlson, Anders E.|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=1|pages=620|first2=Allegra N.|first3=Delia W.|first4=Rosemarie E.|first5=Gavin A.|first6=Faron S.|first7=Joseph M.|first8=Elizabeth A.}}</ref>, ambayo ni ya juu zaidi kuliko makadirio ya IPCC. Hata hivyo, mifano ya mtiririko wa theluji katika mabati ya barafu ya siku za leo unaonyesha kuwa idadi ya uwezekano ya juu zaidi ya kiwango cha maji baharini katika karne ijayo ni sentimita 80, kwa kutegemea vikwazo kuhusu jinsi barafu inavyoweza kutiririka chini ya laini ya usawa ya urefu na kuelekea baharini.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1159099|year=2008|month=September|author=Pfeffer, Wt; Harper, Jt; O'Neel, S|title=Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise.|volume=321|issue=5894|pages=1340–3|issn=0036-8075|pmid=18772435|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)}}</ref>
 
====Ongezeko la joto====
 
====Ongezeko la joto====
From 1961 to 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen by 0.10 °C from the surface to a depth of 700 m. There is variability both year-to-year and over longer time scales, with global ocean heat content observations showing high rates of warming for 1991 to 2003, but some cooling from 2003 to 2007.<ref name="ar4wg1ch5" /> The temperature of the Antarctic [[Southern Ocean]] rose by 0.17 °C (0.31 °F) between the 1950s and the 1980s, nearly twice the rate for the world's oceans as a whole <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/295/5558/1275?ijkey=nFvdOLNYlMNZU&keytype=ref&siteid=sci |title=Warming of the Southern Ocean Since the 1950s |first=Sarah T. |last=Gille |journal= [[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=February 15, 2002|volume=295|number=5558pages=1275–1277 |doi=10.1126/science.1065863 |pages=1275 |pmid=11847337 | issue=5558}}</ref>. As well as having effects on ecosystems (e.g. by melting sea ice, affecting algae that grow on its underside), warming reduces the ocean's ability to absorb CO<sub>2</sub>. {{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
 
FromKuanzia mwaka wa 1961 tohadi mwaka wa 2003, thevipimo globalvya oceanjoto temperaturevya hasbahari risenDuniani bykote vimeongezeka kwa kiwango cha 0.10 °C fromkutoka theeneo surfacela tojuu ala depthbahari ofhadi urefu wa mita 700 mndani ya bahari. ThereKuna istofauti variabilitykuanzia bothmwaka year-to-yearmmoja andhadi overmwingine longerna timehata scalesvipindi virefu zaidi vya wakati, withhuku globaljoto oceanla heatDuniani contentkote observationsla showingbahari highlikipanda rateskati ofya warmingmwaka forwa 1991 tohadi 2003mwaka wa, butlakini somekupoa coolingkukirekodiwa fromkati ya mwaka wa 2003 tohadi mwaka wa 2007.<ref name="ar4wg1ch5" /> TheKipimo temperaturecha ofjoto thecha Antarcticeneo [[Southernla Ocean]]Bahari ya Antaktiki ya Kusini rosekilipanda bykwa 0.17 °C (0.31 °F) betweenkati theya 1950smiaka andya the1950 1980sna 1980, nearlykaribu twicemara the rate for thembili world'szaidi oceansya asBahari aza wholeDunia kijumla<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/295/5558/1275?ijkey=nFvdOLNYlMNZU&keytype=ref&siteid=sci |title=Warming of the Southern Ocean Since the 1950s |first=Sarah T. |last=Gille |journal= [[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=February 15, 2002|volume=295|number=5558pages=1275–1277 |doi=10.1126/science.1065863 |pages=1275 |pmid=11847337 | issue=5558}}</ref>. AsIkijumuisha wellmadhara asya havingmifumo effectsya on ecosystemskiikolojia (ek.gm. bykwa meltingkuyeyusha seabarafu iceya baharini, affectingkuathiri algae thatambayo growhumea onkatika itssehemu undersideya chini), warmingkuongezeka reduceskwa thejoto kunapunguza uwezo wa ocean'sbahari abilitywa tokuchukua absorbndani CO<sub>2</sub>. {{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
 
====Ongezeko la asidi====