Utoaji mimba : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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d r2.5.2) (roboti Badiliko: eu:Abortu; cosmetic changes
Mstari 1:
[[FilePicha:Human fetus 10 weeks - therapeutic abortion.jpg|thumb|Mimba ya wiki 10 hivi iliyotolewa tumboni mwa mama kwa njia ya [[upasuaji]].]]
 
'''Utoaji mimba''' ni tendo la [[hiari]] la [[uuaji|kuua]] [[mimba]] iliyokwishatungwa tumboni mwa [[mwanamke]]. Unaweza kufanywa naye au na watu wengine kwa kibali chake au bila ya hicho. Sababu zinaweza kuwa mbalimbali: hatari kwa [[uhai]] wa mjamzito, [[haya]], hali ya [[uchumi]], [[ulemavu]] wa mama au wa mimba, [[ubaguzi wa jinsia]] n.k.
Mstari 5:
Ni tofauti na tukio lisilokusudiwa la [[mimba kuharibika]] kwa sababu mbalimbali.
 
== Mbinu zake ==
 
Mimba inaweza kutolewa kwa hiari kwa njia nyingi. Namna iliyochaguliwa hutegemea hasa [[umri]] wa kiinitete au kijusi, ambacho hukua kwa ukubwa siku zinavyopita. <ref> Menikoff, Jerry. [http://books.google.com/books?id=2jXOYv3X8zsC&amp;pg=PA78&amp;dq=size+fetus+abortion+technique&amp;lr=&amp;as_brr=3&amp;ei=MymmSayEFJaQyATt6JiUDg Law and Bioethics,] uk. 78 (Georgetown University Press 2001): "As the fetus grows in size, however, the vacuum aspiration method becomes increasingly difficult to use."</ref>
Mstari 11:
Mbinu inaweza kuchaguliwa kulingana na uhalalisho wa utoaji mimba, upatikanaji, na uamuzi wa [[daktari]] na [[mjamzito]].
 
=== Kwa kutumia dawa ===
Utoaji mimba ambao unatumia dawa huchangia 10% ya utoaji mimba wote ndani ya Marekani na Ulaya.
 
Iwapo itashindikana kutoa mimba kwa njia hiyo, usafishaji wa ombwe au uondoaji kwa mikono hutumika.
 
=== Upasuaji ===
 
Katika wiki 12 za kwanza, ufyonzaji au kuavya kwa uvutaji ombwe ndiyo mbinu inayotumika sana.
Mstari 30:
Kutoka wiki ya 20 mpaka ya 23 ya umri wa mimba, sindano ya kuzuia moyo wa kichanga inaweza kutumika kama awamu ya kwanza ya utoaji mimba kwa taratibu za kiupasuaji<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bhide A, Sairam S, Hollis B, Thilaganathan B |title=Comparison of feticide carried out by cordocentesis versus cardiac puncture |journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=230–232 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12230443 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00797.x |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Vause S, Sands J, Johnston TA, Russell S, Rimmer S |title=Could some fetocides be avoided by more prompt referral after diagnosis of fetal abnormality? |journal=J Obstet Gynaecol |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=243–245 |year=2002 |month=May |pmid=12521492 |doi=10.1080/01443610220130490 |url=http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/01443610220130490&magic=pubmed&#124;&#124;1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Dommergues M, Cahen F, Garel M, Mahieu-Caputo D, Dumez Y |title=Feticide during second- and third-trimester termination of pregnancy: opinions of health care professionals |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=91–97 |year=2003 |pmid=12576743 |doi=10.1159/000068068 |url=http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=fdt18091 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Bhide A, Sairam S, Hollis B, Thilaganathan B |title=Comparison of feticide carried out by cordocentesis versus cardiac puncture |journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=230–232 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12230443 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00797.x |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Senat MV, Fischer C, Bernard JP, Ville Y |title=The use of lidocaine for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy |journal=BJOG |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=296–300 |year=2003 |month=March |pmid=12628271 |doi= 10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.02217.x|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1470-0328&date=2003&volume=110&issue=3&spage=296 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |author=Senat MV, Fischer C, Ville Y |title=Funipuncture for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy |journal=Prenat. Diagn. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=354–356 |year=2002 |month=May |pmid=12001185 |doi=10.1002/pd.290 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref> na kuhakikisha kwamba kijusi si kizaliwa hai. <ref>{{cite book |author=Nuffield Council on Bioethics |chapter=Clinical perspectives (Continued) |chapterurl=http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/go/browseablepublications/criticalCareDecisionFetalNeonatalMedicine/report_542.html |accessdate=2008-12-03 |title=Critical Case Decisions in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine: Ethical Issues |publisher=Nuffield Council on Bioethics |location= |year=2006 |isbn=1-904384-14-5 |oclc=85782378}}</ref>
 
=== Njia nyinginezo ===
Kihistoria, idadi ya [[mimea ]]inayosadikika kuna na uwezo wa kutoa mimba zimetumika katika dawa ya asili: tansia, penniroyali, kohoshi mweusi, na silifiamu iliyopo sasa. <ref name="riddle2">{{cite book |first=John M. |last=Riddle |title=Eve's herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in the West |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-674-27024-X |oclc=36126503}}{{Page needed|date=August 2010}}</ref> Matumizi ya mitishamba kwa namna fulani yanaweza kusababisha sana-hata-Madhara yaletayo kifo, kama vile kushindwa kwa viungo mbalimbali vya mwili, na hazipendekezwi na daktari. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Ciganda C, Laborde A |title=Herbal infusions used for induced abortion |journal=J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=235–239 |year=2003 |pmid=12807304 |doi=10.1081/CLT-120021104 |url= |accessdate=2008-12-04}}</ref>
 
Mstari 39:
Mbinu nyingine iliyoripotiwa ya utoaji mimba wa kujitegemea ni pamoja na matumizi mabaya ya dawa inayofanana na vichocheo vya mwili yaani misoprostoli, na uingizaji wa vifaa visivyo vya kiupasuaji kama sindano za kufumia na kiango cha nguo ndani ya mji wa mimba.
 
== Utoaji mimba na uzazi wa mpango ==
 
Utoaji mimba unaweza kuwa chini ya dhima ya makosa ya jinai katika nchi nyingi. Lakini siku hizi katika [[nchi]] nyingi [[utoaji mimba]] umehalalishwa na ma[[bunge]] na umekuwa ukichangiwa na [[serikali]].
Mstari 47:
Kuna pia njia nyingine za kuzuia [[uzazi]], kama vile: kumwaga [[mbegu]] nje ya [[tumbo la uzazi]], kuvaa [[mipira ya kiume na ya kike]], [[kufunga kizazi]] cha [[mwanamume]] au cha [[mwanamke]]: ingawa njia hizo haziui mimba, zinaleta madhara kwa wanaozifuata, tena zinashindikana kwa kiasi tofauti. Hapo mtu aliyekusudia kukwepa mimba kwa mbinu yoyote anafikia kwa urahisi fulani uamuzi wa kuiua: hivyo hata njia hizo zinaweza zikaandaa njia kwa mauaji ya halaiki.
 
== Mjadala kuhusu uhalali wake ==
 
Katika [[historia]] utoaji mimba umekuwa chanzo cha [[mjadala]] mkubwa unaotatanisha miongoni mwa wanaharakati. Msimamo wa mtu kuhusu suala hilo na mengine tata upande wa [[maadili]], [[falsafa]], [[biolojia]] na [[sheria]], mara nyingi huhusiana na [[mfumo]] wa maadili wa mtu huyo.
Mstari 63:
Mjadala pia huangazia ikiwa mwanamke [[mjamzito]] anapaswa kuwaarifu / au kupata [[ridhaa]] ya watu wengine katika uamuzi huo: ikiwa ni[[mtoto]] aulize wazazi wake; ikiwa ni mke wa mtu amuambie mumewe; au mwanamke mjamzito amuambie aliyempa mimba.
 
== Mtazamo wa dini ==
 
[[Dini]] mbalimbali zinapinga vikali tendo hilo, na [[Biblia]] inasema [[uuaji]] wa wasio na hatia unamlilia [[Mungu]] alipe [[kisasi]].
Mstari 69:
Badala ya kuheshimu kwa shukrani maajabu ya Mungu katika [[uumbaji]], mara nyingi [[binadamu]] aliyeshirikishwa naye kazi hiyo, amejifanya muuaji wa [[watoto]] wasiozaliwa bado na wa wale waliozaliwa pia.
 
== Tanbihi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
Mstari 95:
[[es:Aborto inducido]]
[[et:Abort]]
[[eu:HaurgaltzeAbortu]]
[[fa:سقط جنین]]
[[fi:Abortti]]