Nchi inayoendelea : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[FilePicha:Imf-advanced-un-least-developed-2008.svg|thumb|350px|[4] [5] [6] Uainishaji wa IMF na Umoja wa Mataifa]]
[[FilePicha:Newly industrialized countries.PNG|thumb|350px|Nchi zilizostawi kiviwanda hivi karibuni kufikia 2009]]
 
 
'''Nchi inayostawi''' kwa ujumla ni neno linalotumiwa kuashiria taifa lenye kiwango cha chini cha nyenzo za ustawi. Hakuna ufafanuzi hata mmoja unaotambuliwa kimataifa wa nchi iliyostawi, na viwango vya maendeleo vinaweza tofautiana kati ya nchi zinazosemekana kuwa zimestawi, na baadhi ya nchi zinazostawi zikiwa na viwango vya juu vya maisha.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Arthur|coauthors=Steven M. Sheffrin|title=Economics: Principles in Action|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|date=2003|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458|pages=471|url= http://www.pearsonschool.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZ3R9&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbCategoryId=&PMDbProgramId=12881&level=4|isbn=0-13-063085-3}}</ref><ref name="UN"></ref>
 
Baadhi ya mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Benki ya Dunia]] hutumia uainishaji wa kihesabu pekee. Benki ya Dunia huchukulia nchi zote zenye mapato ya chini na ya wastani kama "zinazostawi". Katika uainishaji wake wa hivi karibuni, uchumi wa nchi uligawanywa kwa kutumia Pato la Taifa la 2008 kwa kila mwananchi. Mwaka wa 2008, nchi Pato la Taifa kwa kila mwananchi chini ya US $ 11.905 zilihesabiwa kama zinazostawi<ref name="WB">{{Cite web | url = http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20420458~menuPK:64133156~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html | title = Country Classification | work = [[Benki ya Dunia]] | accessdate = July 20, 2009}}</ref>. Taasisi nyingine hutumia fasili zisizokuwa maalumu sana.
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Nchi zenye uchumi ulioendelea zaidi kuliko nyingine zinazoendelea, lakini ambazo bado hazijaonyesha kikamilifu ishara za [[Nchi iliyostawi]] huwekwa pamoja katika kundi la '''[[nchi zenye viwanda vingi]]'''. <ref name="Globalization">{{cite book|title=Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy|author=Paweł Bożyk|chapter= Newly Industrialized Countries|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|year=2006|isbn=0-75-464638-6}}</ref> <ref name="Limits">{{cite book| title=The Limits of Convergence|author=Mauro F. Guillén|chapter=Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-69-111633-4}}</ref><ref name="AIA">{{cite book|title=Geography, An Integrated Approach|first=David| last=Waugh|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|pages=563, 576–579, 633, and 640|publisher =Nelson Thornes Ltd.|year=3rd edition 2000|isbn=0-17-444706-X}}</ref> <ref name="Principles">{{cite book|title=Principles of Economics |first=N. Gregory|last=Mankiw|year=4th Edition 2007|isbn=0-32-422472-9}}</ref>
 
== Ufafanuzi ==
[[Kofi Annan]], aliyekuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa, alifafanua nchi iliyostawi kama ifuatavyo. "Nchi iliyostawi ni nchi ambayo inaruhusu wananchi wake wote kufurahia maisha ya huru na afya katika mazingira salama." <ref> http://www.unescap.org/unis/press/G_05_00.htm</ref> Lakini kulingana na [[Divisheni ya Takwimu ya Umoja wa Mataifa]],
 
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Kulingana na uainishaji kutoka [[IMF]] kabla ya Aprili 2004, nchi zote za [[Ulaya Mashariki]] (pamoja na nchi za Ulaya ya Kati ambazo zimo katika "Kikundi cha Ulaya Mashariki" katika taasisi za UN) pamoja na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] (USSR) nchi katika Asia ya Kati ( Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan na Turkmenistan) na [[Mongolia]], hazikujumuishwa katika aidha kama maene yaliyostawi au yanayostawi, bali zilijulikana kama "nchi katika mpito"; hata hivyo kwa sasa huonekana (katika ripoti za kimataifa) kama "Nchi zinazostawi".
Katika karne ya 21 <sup>,</sup> kundi la awali la [[Nne Asia Tigers]] <ref name="tigers"> http://www.businesspme.com/uk/articles/economics/78/East-Asian-Tigers-.html</ref> mikoa ([[Hong Kong]], <ref name="tigers"></ref> <ref name="qq">[28] ^ [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/groups.htm#ae IMF Advanced Economies List.][http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/groups.htm#ae World Economic Outlook, Database-WEO Groups and Aggregates Information, Aprili 2009.]</ref> [[Singapore]], <ref name="tigers"></ref> <ref name="qq"></ref> [[Korea ya Kusini]], <ref name="tigers"></ref> <ref name="qq"></ref> <ref> http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1018.html</ref> <ref> http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/98c62f1c-850f-11dd-b148-0000779fd18c.html</ref> na [[Taiwan]] <ref name="tigers"></ref> <ref name="qq"></ref> ni kufikiriwa "yaliyoendelea" kanda au maeneo, pamoja [[Kupro]], <ref name="qq"></ref> [[Israeli]], <ref name="qq"></ref> [[Malta]], <ref name="qq"></ref> na [[Slovenia]], <ref name="qq"></ref> ni kufikiriwa "wapya nchi zilizoendelea".
 
 
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Benki ya Dunia huainisha nchi katika vikundi vinne vya mapato. Nchi za mapato ya chini zina Pato la Taifa kwa Kila mwananchi la US $ 975 au chini. Mapato ya chini katikati ni nchi zenye Pato la Taifa kwa Kila mwananchi la US $ 976 - $ 3,855. Nchi za Mapato ya Juu katikati ni nchi zenye Pato la Taifa kwa Kila mwananchi la US $ 3,856 - $ 11,905. Nchi za mapato ya Juu ni zile zenye pato zaidi ya $ 11,906. Benki ya Dunia huainisha nchi zote zenye mapato ya katikati na ya chini kama zinazostawi lakini inabainisha kuwa, "Matumizi wa neno hili ni kwa kurahisisha kazi tu; na hayakunuiwa kuashiria kuwa nchi zote katika kundi hilo zinapata maendeleo sawa au kwamba nchi zingine zimefikia kiwango kinachotakikana au mwisho wa hatua za maendeleo. Uainisho kwa mapato haumaanishi hicho ndicho kiwango haswa cha maendeleo kwa wakati huu<ref name="WB"></ref>.
 
== Vipimo na dhana ya maendeleo ==
Maendeleo ya nchi hupimwa kwa kutumia takwimu kama vile mapato [[kwa Kila mwananchi (GDP)]], urefu unaotarajiwa wa maisha, kiwango cha [[kujua kusoma]] na kadhalika. UN imeanzisha [[HDI]], kiashiria cha jumla cha takwimu zilizotolewa hapo juu, ili kupima kiwango cha maendeleo ya katika nchi mahali takwimu zinapatikana.
 
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== Mapungufu ya neno 'nchi inayostawi' ==
Kuna ukosoaji kwa matumizi ya neno 'nchi inayostawi'.
Jina hilo '''linadokeza''' kuwa chini kwa 'nchi inayostawi' ikilinganishwa na 'nchi iliyostawi', ambalo nchi nyingi kama hizo hazipendelei.
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== Orodha ya nchi zinazoibukia na zinazostawi ==
Nchi zifuatazo zinaochukuliwa kama '''zinazoibukia na kustawi kiuchumi''' kulingana na ripoti ya mtazamo wa uchumi wa dunia ya [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]] ya Oktoba 2009<ref>[46] ^ [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/groups.htm#oem IMF Emerging and Developing Economies List.][http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/groups.htm#oem World Economic Outlook Database, Oktoba 2009.]</ref>.
 
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=== Nchi zinazostawi ambazo hazikutajwa na IMF ===
 
* {{flag|Cuba}}
* {{flag|North Korea}}
 
== Uainishaji na majina ya nchi ==
Nchi mara nyingi huwekwa ndani ya makundi manne hafifu ya maendeleo. Kila kikundi kinajumuisha nchi zilizotajwa katika makala yake. Neno "taifa linalostawi", sio lebo ya aina maalumu au sawa ya tatizo.
 
 
 
# [[Nchi zilizostawi kiviwanda hivi karibuni]] (NICs) ni mataifa ambayo uchumi wake una maendeleo ya juu zaidi kuliko yale yaliyo katika nchi zinazostawi, lakini bado bila ishara kamili za maendeleo ya nchi.<ref name="Globalization"></ref><ref name="Limits"></ref> <ref name="AIA"></ref><ref name="Principles"></ref> NIC ni kikundi katikati ya nchi zinazostawi na zilizostawi. Kinajumuisha [[Brazil]], [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]], [[India]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mexico]], [[Ufilipino]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[Thailand]] na [[Uturuki]].
# [[Masoko Makubwa yanayojitokeza]] (BEM), lebo yenye maana kadhaa. [[Jeffrey Garten]] alitambua, [[Brazili]], [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[Poland]], [[Uturuki]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]], na [[Korea Kusini]] kama mataifa ya BEM kumi bora.
# Nchi zenye muda mrefu wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe au kuvunjika pakubwa kwa utawala wa sheria ( "[[nchi zilizofeli]]") (km [[Afghanistan]], [[Haiti]], [[Pakistan]], [[Somalia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Iraq]], [[Zimbabwe]]) au zilizo na udikteta usiojali maedeleo([[Korea Kaskazini]]) .
# Baadhi ya nchi zinazostawi zimeainishwa kama "nchi zilizostawi" kama vile [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Uturuki]] na [[CIA]]; na [[Antigua na Barbuda]], [[Bahamas]], [[Bahrain]], [[Barbados]], [[Brunei]], [[Estonia]], [[Guinea ya Ikweta]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arabia]], na [[Trinidad na Tobago]] kuainishwa hivyo na Benki ya Dunia.
 
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
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{{South-South}}
 
[[CategoryJamii:Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi]]
 
[[CategoryJamii:Uainishaji wa Nchi]]
[[Category:Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi]]
[[CategoryJamii:Jiografia ya Kiuchumikibinadamu]]
[[Category:Uainishaji wa Nchi]]
[[CategoryJamii:Jiografia ya kibinadamuKiuchumi]]
[[CategoryJamii:Maendeleo]]
[[Category:Jiografia ya Kiuchumi]]
[[CategoryJamii:Orodha ya nchi]]
[[Category:Maendeleo]]
[[Category:Orodha ya nchi]]
 
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