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Papa : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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<center> ''Kwa [[samaki]] anayeitwa kwa [[Kiswahili]] kwa neno "papa" tazama [[papa (samaki)]]''</center>
[[File:Popepiusix.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Papa Pius IX]], alishika cheo hicho kirefu kuliko wote.]][[File:FirmaPapaFrancisco.svg|thumb|alt=The signature of Pope Francis|[[Sahihi]] ya [[Papa Fransisko]].]]
 
{{Kanisa Katoliki}}
'''Papa''' ([[neno la mkopo]] kutoka [[Kilatini]] lakini lenye asili ya [[Kigiriki]], πάππας, ''pappas'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/pope |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=Education.yahoo.com |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> jina ambalo [[mtoto]] anamuitia [[baba]] yake)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nlp.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=pa/ppas |title=Liddell and Scott |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=2013-02-18}}</ref>ni cheo cha kiongozi mkuu wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] duniani kote. Cheo hiki kinaenda sambamba na kile cha [[askofu]] wa [[Roma]].<ref name="section880">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P2A.HTM#PZ|work=[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]|title= Christ's Faithful - Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life: The episcopal college and its head, the Pope|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|location=Vatican City|year=1993|accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref>
'''Papa''' ni cheo cha kiongozi mkuu wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] duniani kote. Cheo hiki kinaenda sambamba na [[askofu]] wa [[Roma]]. Kuna [[orodha ya mapapa]].
 
== Asili ya cheo cha Papa ==
Kiasili neno la [[KiitaliaKilatini]] "Papa" lamaanisha "Baba", nalo likawa cheo kwa nia ya kumtaja askofu wa Roma kwa heshima ya pekee. Msingi wa heshima hii ni [[imani]] ya kuwa askofu wa Roma ni [[mwandamizi]] wa [[Mtakatifu Petro|Petro]] mtume wa Yesu. Wakatoliki huamini ya kwamba Petro alipewa na [[Yesu]] kazi ya kuongoza kanisa kwa niaba yake na ya kwamba jukumu hilo linaendelea kati ya waandamizi wa Petro kwenye [[kiti]] cha askofu wa Roma ambacho kwa heshima kinaitwa [[Ukulu mtakatifu]].
 
==Historia==
Upapa ni kati ya vyeo vya zamani zaidi duniani na umeathiri sana [[historia]] ya [[binadamu]] kwa miaka karibu 2000.<ref>Collins, Roger. ''Keepers of the keys of heaven: a history of the papacy''. Introduction (One of the most enduring and influential of all human institutions, (...) No one who seeks to make sense of modern issues within Christendom - or, indeed, world history - can neglect the vital shaping role of the popes.) Basic Books. 2009. ISBN 978-0-465-01195-7.</ref><ref name="Faus">Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. "''Autoridade da Verdade - Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico''". Capítulo VIII: Os papas repartem terras - Pág.: 64-65 e Capítulo VI: O papa tem poder temporal absoluto – Pág.: 49-55. Edições Loyola. ISBN 85-15-01750-4. Embora Faus critique profundamente o poder temporal dos papas ("''Mais uma vez isso salienta um dos maiores inconvenientes do status político dos sucessores de Pedro''" - pág.: 64), ele também admite um papel secular positivo por parte dos papas ("''Não podemos negar que intervenções papais desse gênero evitaram mais de uma guerra na Europa''" - pág.: 65).</ref><ref name="Papal Arbitration">{{cathEncy|wstitle=Papal Arbitration|author=Jarrett, Bede}}</ref><ref>Such as regulating the [[colonization]] of the [[New World]]. See [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] and [[Inter caetera]].</ref><ref>''História das Religiões. Crenças e práticas religiosas do século XII aos nossos dias''. Grandes Livros da Religião. Editora Folio. 2008. Pág.: 89, 156-157. ISBN 978-84-413-2489-3</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suapesquisa.com/pesquisa/papa.htm |title=último Papa - Funções, eleição, o que representa, vestimentas, conclave, primeiro papa |publisher=Suapesquisa.com |accessdate=2013-02-18}}</ref>Inatosha kufikiria mchango wa [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] katika kuangusha [[ukomunisti]] katika [[Ulaya Mashariki]].
 
== Majina ya mapapa ==
Papa huchaguliwa na ma[[kardinali]] wa kanisa katoliki baada ya mtangulizi wake kufa au kujiuzulu. Baada ya kuchaguliwa papa mpya anaweza akapata jina jipya. Tangu 2005tarehe [[13 Machi]] [[2013]] ni [[Papa Benedikto XVIFransisko]], ambaye awali aliitwa [[JosephJorge Mario RatzingerBergoglio]].▼
 
Majina ya mapapa wengine wa kanisaKanisa katolikiKatoliki yapatikana katika [[orodha ya mapapa]].▼
▲Papa huchaguliwa na ma[[kardinali]] wa kanisa katoliki baada ya mtangulizi wake kufa au kujiuzulu. Baada ya kuchaguliwa papa mpya anaweza akapata jina jipya. Tangu 2005 ni [[Papa Benedikto XVI]], ambaye awali aliitwa [[Joseph Ratzinger]].
 
▲Majina ya mapapa wengine wa kanisa katoliki yapatikana katika [[orodha ya mapapa]].
 
== Mkuu wa Vatikano ==
Papa ni pia mkuu wa nchi ya [[Mji wa Vatikano]] iliyopo ndani ya mji wa Roma (Italia).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/ |title=Vatican City State - State and Government |publisher=Vaticanstate.va |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref>
 
== Cheo cha "Papa" penginepo ==
Cheo cha Papa hutumiwa pia na baadhi ya madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo kwa viongozi wao hasa kwa mkuu wa [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] huko [[Misri]].
 
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==Marejeo==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|title=One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief|last=Barry|first=Rev. Msgr. John F.|year=2002|publisher=William H. Sadlier|location=New York|isbn=0-8215-2207-8|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=A Concise History of the Catholic Church|last=Bokenkotter|first=Thomas|year=2004|publisher=Doubleday |location=New York|isbn=0-385-50584-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Chadwick|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Chadwick (theologian)|editor=John McManners|encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity|title=The Early Christian Community|year=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-822928-3|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes|last=Duffy|first=Eamon|authorlink=Eamon Duffy|year=1997|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-300-07332-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Durant |first=William James |authorlink=Will Durant |title=[[The Age of Faith|The Story of Civilization]] |volume=IV. The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization - Christian, Islamic, and Judaic - from Constantine to Dante, A.D. 325-1300 |year=1950 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0-671-01200-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Durant |first=William James |authorlink=Will Durant |title=[[The Reformation (Story of Civilization)|The Story of Civilization]] |volume=VI. The Reformation |year=1957 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0-671-61050-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Franzen|first=August|coauthors=John Dolan|title=A History of the Church|publisher=Herder and Herder|year=1969|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Granfield |first=Patrick |title=The Limits of the Papacy: Authority and Autonomy in the Church |year=1987 |publisher=Crossroad |location=New York |isbn=0-8245-0839-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Grisar |first=Hartmann |title=History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages |year=1912 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner |location=London |oclc=11025456 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis_en.html |title=Universi Dominici Gregis |last=John Paul II |first=Pope |authorlink=Pope John Paul II |date=22 February 1996 |publisher=[[Vatican Publishing House]]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Kelly|first=J. N.|title=Oxford Dictionary of the Popes|year=1986|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-19-190935-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Kerr |first=William Shaw |authorlink=William Kerr (bishop) |title=A Handbook on the Papacy |year=1950 |publisher=Marshall, Morgan & Scott |location=London |oclc=51018118 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=The Catholic Church: A Short History|last=Küng|first=Hans|authorlink=Hans Küng|year=2003|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-8129-6762-3|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |author=Loomis, Louise Ropes |title=The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis): To the Pontificate of Gregory I |publisher=Evolution Publishing |location=Merchantville, New Jersey |origyear=1916 |year=2006 |isbn=1-889758-86-8|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Noble|first=Thomas|coauthors=Strauss, Barry|title=Western Civilization|year=2005|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|isbn=0-618-43277-9|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=A Short History of the Catholic Church|last=Orlandis|first=José|authorlink=José Orlandis|year=1993|publisher=Scepter Publishers|isbn=1-85182-125-2|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Pastor|first=Ludwig von|title=The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources|year=1891–1930|publisher=J. Hodges|location=London|oclc=270566224|authorlink=Ludwig von Pastor|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Walsh |first=James Joseph |authorlink=James Joseph Walsh |title=The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FltHAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover |year=1908 |publisher=Fordham University Press |location=New York |oclc=08015255 |ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}
 
==Marejeo mengine==
* {{cite book|last=Brusher|first=Joseph S.|title=Popes Through the Ages|year=1959|publisher=Van Nostrand|location=Princeton, N.J|oclc=742355324}}
* {{cite book|last=Chamberlin|first=E. R.|title=The Bad Popes|year=1969|publisher=Dial Press|location=New York|oclc=647415773}}
* {{cite book|last=Dollison|first=John|title=Pope-pourri|year=1994|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-671-88615-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Maxwell-Stuart|first=P. G.|title=Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present |year=1997|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location= London|isbn=0-500-01798-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Norwich|first=John Julius |authorlink=John Julius Norwich |title=The Popes: A History |year=2011|publisher=Chatto & Windus|location=London|isbn=978-0-7011-8290-8}}
 
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons}}
* [http://kolonisera.rymden.nu/pope/popes.php?l=1 Pope Endurance League - Sortable list of Popes]
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_Magisterium_Paparum.html Data Base of more than 23,000 documents of the Popes in latin and modern languages]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father]—website for the past and present Holy Fathers (since [[Papa Leo XIII]])
* [http://www.catholic.com/library/Origins_of_Peter_as_Pope.asp Origins of Peter as Pope]
* [http://www.catholic.com/library/Authority_of_the_Pope_Part_1.asp The Authority of the Pope: Part I]
* [http://www.catholic.com/library/Authority_of_the_Pope_Part_2.asp The Authority of the Pope: Part II]
 
{{mbegu-katoliki}}
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[[Jamii:Papa| ]]
[[Jamii:Kanisa Katoliki]]
[[Jamii:UkristoViongozi wa Kikristo]]
[[Jamii:Maaskofu]]
 
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