Harun ar-Rashid : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' harun ar rashidi alikua khalifa mkubwa na mtawala pande za uwajem inasadikiwa kwamba alikua na akili nyingi sana hasa kuamua mambo mazito ya jamii yake. by abb...' |
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[[Picha:(ar-Rashid) dirham 170h.jpg|thumbnail|Sarafu ya Dirham yenye jina la Harun ar-Rashid]]
[[Picha:Harun Al-Rashid and the World of the Thousand and One Nights.jpg|thumbnail|Picha ya Harun ar-Rashid katika kitabu cha Alfu Lela U Lela (si sura halisi maana ilichorwa karne kadhaa baadaye)]]
'''Harun ar-Rashid''' ([[ar.]] هارون الرشيد) alikuwa [[khalifa]] wa tano wa nasaba ya [[Waabbasi]] aliyetawala milki kubwa ya Kiislamu kati ya [[786]] hadi [[809]] [[BK.]].
Alizaliwa mjini [[Ray]] (Uajemi) alikufa mjini [[Tus]] (Uajemi) wakati wa vita dhidi ya waasi.
Kipindi chake cha utawala kilikuwa na maendeleo makubwa ya kielimu na kiutamaduni. Sanaa ya Kiislamu pamoja na muziki ilistawi. Alianzisha Dar-al-Hikma (nyumba ya hekima) mjini [[Baghdad]] iliyokuwa kama chuo kikuu ambako vitabu vingi vilitafsiriwa kwa lugha ya Kiarabu kutoka [[Kigiriki]], [[Kichina]], [[Kisanskrit]], [[Kiajemi]] na [[Kiaramu]] (Syriac). Kwa njia hii Baghdad ilikuwa kitovu cha elimu cha kimtaifa wakati huu.
Harun alituma balozi kwenda hadi [[China]] na pia kwa Kaisari [[Karolo Mkuu]] wa [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]].
Mwaka 796 Harun ar-Rashid alihamisha mji mkuu wake kutoka Baghdad kwenda [[Raqqa]] katika Syria.
Alikumbukwa kama mtu wa hekima kubwa akionekana hivyo katika hadithi za [[Alfu Lela U Lela]].
==Vitabu juu ya Harun ar-Rashid==
==Further reading==
*[[al-Masudi]], [[The Meadows of Gold]], The Abbasids, transl. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone, Kegan paul, London and New York, 1989
*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|al-Tabari]] "The History of al-Tabari" volume XXX "The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium" transl. C.E. Bosworth, SUNY, Albany, 1989.
*{{cite book|last=Clot|first=André|authorlink=André Clot|title=Harun Al-Rashid and the Age of a Thousand and One Nights|publisher= New Amsterdam Books|year=1990|isbn=0-941533-65-4}}
*[[St John Philby|Harry St John Bridger Philby]]. Harun al Rashid (London: P. Davies) 1933.
*Einhard and Notker the Stammerer, "Two Lives of Charlemagne," transl. Lewis Thorpe, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1977 (1969)
* [[John H. Haaren]], ''Famous Men of the Middle Ages'' [http://www.authorama.com/famous-men-of-the-middle-ages-13.html]
* William Muir, K.C.S.I., ''The Caliphate, its rise, decline, and fall'' [http://www.archive.org/details/caliphateitsris00muirgoog]
*Theophanes, "The Chronicle of Theophanes," transl. Harry Turtledove, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1982
*{{cite book|last=Norwich| first=John J. | title=Byzantium: The Apogee | publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. | year=1991 | isbn=0-394-53779-3 }}
* {{cite book | last=Zabeth | first=Hyder Reza | title=Landmarks of Mashhad | publisher=Alhoda UK | year=1999 | isbn=964-444-221-0}}
The starting statement that he was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph that encompassed modern Iraq is very incomplete because abbaside caliphate during haroon's reign encompassed at least modern day Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and parts of northern Africa.
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