Fidla : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'thumbnail|250px|Fidla ya kisasa '''Fidla''' (ing. ''fiddle'', pia: '''violini''') ni ala ya muziki yenye nyuzi. Idadi ya nyuzi ni...' |
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Mstari 1:
[[Picha:Violin VL100.png|thumbnail|250px|Fidla ya kisasa]]
'''Fidla''' ([[ing.]] ''fiddle'', pia: '''violini''') ni ala ya muziki yenye nyuzi. Idadi ya nyuzi ni 4 zinazopigwa kwa uta. Nyuzi zinawekwa kwa kawaida kwa noti za G, D, A, and E.[2]
==Muundo wa fidla na matumizi yake==
Mstari 10:
Vidole vya mkono mwingine husogeza juu ya nyaya na kubadilisha sauti kwa kukaza waya mahali mbalimbali.
[[Picha:MHVC-KyokoYonemoto-PaganiniCaprice24.ogv|300px|thumbnail|Kyoko Yonemoto anapiga Paganini]]
==Historia ya fidla==
Fidla zilibuniwa katika Ulaya ya Kusini takriban miaka 1000 iliyopita kama nakala ndogo za ala za nyaya kubwa zaidi. Fidla kwa umbo la kisasa zimepatikana tangu karne ya 16 na mwanzoni zilikuwa na nyaya 3 pekee lakini tangu mnamo mwaka 1600 zilikuwa kimsingi sawa na ala za leo. Maendeleo haya yalitokea katika Italia ya kaskazini. Baadaye mabadiliko madogo yaliendelea kufanywa.
Mafundi mashuhuri waliotengeneza fidla walikuwa pamoja na familia za Stradivari, Guarneri na Amati katika Italia za karne za 16 hadi 18 huko [[Brescia]] na [[Cremona]] na akina [[
Watungaji muziki wote mashuhuri wa Ulaya walitunga muziki kwa ajili ya fidla, ama katika [[okestra]] au pia kama ala ya pekee.
Kadri jinsi fidla ilipendwa na idadi ya wapiga fidla iliongezeka pamoja na mahitaji ya idadi kubwa ya ala. Kwa hiyo fidla za bei nafuu zilitengenezwa katika viwanda vidogo. Mwaka 1888 kiwanda cha kwanza cha fidla kilianzishwa nchini Japani.
==Marejeo==
{{Refbegin}}
*''Viol and Lute Makers of Venice 1490 -1630 '', by Stefano Pio (2012), Venezia Ed. Venice research, ISBN 978-88-907252-0-3
*''Violin and Lute Makers of Venice 1640 - 1760 '', by Stefano Pio (2004), Venezia Ed. Venice research, ISBN 978-88-907252-2-7
*''Liuteri & Sonadori, Venice 1750 - 1870 '', by Stefano Pio (2002), Venezia Ed. Venice research, ISBN 978-88-907252-1-0
*''The Violin Forms of Antonio Stradivari'', by Stewart Pollens (1992), London: Peter Biddulph. ISBN 0-9520109-0-9
*''Principles of Violin Playing and Teaching'', by Ivan Galamian (1999), Shar Products Co. ISBN 0-9621416-3-1
*''The Contemporary Violin: Extended Performance Techniques'', by Patricia and Allen Strange (2001), University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22409-4
*''The Violin: Its History and Making'', by Karl Roy (2006), ISBN ISBN 978-1-4243-0838-5
* ''The Fiddle Book'', by Marion Thede (1970), Oak Publications. ISBN 0-8256-0145-2
*''Latin Violin'', by Sam Bardfeld, ISBN 0-9628467-7-5
*''The Canon of Violin Literature'', by Jo Nardolillo (2012), Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-7793-7
*''The Violin Explained - Components Mechanism and Sound'' by James Beament (1992/1997), Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-816623-0
*'' Antonio Stradivari, his life and work, 1644-1737', by William Henry Hill; Arthur F Hill; Alfred Ebsworth Hill (1902/1963), Dover Publications. 1963. OCLC 172278. ISBN 0-486-20425-1
*''An Encyclopedia of the Violin'', by Alberto Bachmann (1965/1990), Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80004-7
*''Violin - And Easy Guide'', by Chris Coetzee (2003), New Holland Publishers. ISBN 1-84330-332-9
*''The Violin'', by Yehudi Menuhin (1996), Flammarion. ISBN 2-08-013623-2
*''The Book of the Violin'', edited by Dominic Gill (1984), Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-2286-8
*''Violin-Making as it was, and is'', by [[Edward Heron-Allen]] (1885/1994), Ward Lock Limited. ISBN 0-7063-1045-4
*''Violins & Violinists'', by Franz Farga (1950), Rockliff Publishing Corporation Ltd.
*''Viols, Violins and Virginals'', by Jennifer A. Charlton (1985), Ashmolean Museum. ISBN 0-907849-44-X
*''The Violin'', by Theodore Rowland-Entwistle (1967/1974), Dover Publications. ISBN 0-340-05992-3
*''The Early Violin and Viola'', by Robin Stowell (2001), Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62555-6
* ''The Complete Luthier's Library. A Useful International Critical Bibliography for the Maker and the Connoisseur of Stringed and Plucked Instruments'' by [[Roberto Regazzi]], Bologna: Florenus, 1990. ISBN 88-85250-01-7
*''The Violin'', by George Dubourg (1854), [[Robert Cocks & Co.]]
*''Violin Technique and Performance Practice in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries'', by Robin Stowell (1985), Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23279-1
*''History of the Violin'', by William Sandys and Simon Andrew (2006), Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-45269-7
*''The Violin: A Research and Information Guide'', by Mark Katz (2006), Routledge. ISBN 0-8153-3637-3
*''Per gli occhi e 'l core. Strumenti musicali nell'arte'' by Flavio Dassenno, (2004) a complete survey of the brescian school defined by the last researches and documents.
*''Gasparo da Salò architetto del suono'' by Flavio Dassenno, (2009) a catalogue of an exhibition that give complete informations on the famous master life and work, Comune di Salò, Cremonabooks, 2009.
*{{Cite journal
|last=Grillet |first=Laurent
|title=Les ancetres du violon v.1| year=1901
|publisher=Paris
|ref=harv
}}
== Kujisomea ==
* [[David Schoenbaum|Schoenbaum, David]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=qBHwdR4oIvQC&printsec=frontcover ''The Violin: A Social History of the World's Most Versatile Instrument''], New York, New York : W.W. Norton & Company, December 2012. ISBN 9780393084405
* Templeton, David, [http://www.stringsmagazine.com/issues/strings105/coverstory.html ''Fresh Prince: Joshua Bell on composition, hyperviolins, and the future], Strings magazine, October 2002, No. 105.
* Young, Diana. [http://www.media.mit.edu/~young/publications/Young_Dissertation_2007.pdf ''A Methodology for Investigation of Bowed String Performance Through Measurement of Violin Bowing Technique'']. PhD Thesis. M.I.T., 2007.
== Viungo vya Nje ==
{{Commons|Violin}}
* [http://www.corilon.com/shop/en/info/violins.html The violin: How to select a violin, its provenance and value]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Violin|first=Robert William Frederick |last=Harrison|short=x}}
* {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Violin|short=x}}
[[Category:Ala za muziki| ]]
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