Muhammad : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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* [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/prophet/ About the Prophet Muhammad (University of Southern California)]
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==Kujisomea==
 
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* {{cite book|author=Ali, Kecia|title=The Lives of Muhammad|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date= 2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-74448-6}}
* {{cite book | author-link = Muhammad Mohar Ali|author = Ali, Muhammad Mohar | year = 1997 | title = The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists | publisher = King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an | isbn = 9960-770-68-0 |url = http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772}}
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* {{cite book | last=Armstrong| first= Karen| authorlink = Karen Armstrong| year = 1992 | title = [[Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet]] | publisher = Harpercollins | isbn = 0-06-250886-5 |url = }}
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* {{cite book | last=Glubb | first=John Bagot | authorlink=John Bagot Glubb | title=The Life and Times of Muhammad | publisher=Hodder & Stoughton | origyear=1970| year=2002 | isbn=0-8154-1176-6}}
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* Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". ''27 Fordham International Law Journal'' 195.
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* {{cite book | last=ibn Isa |first=Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi) | authorlink=Imam Tirmidhi | title=Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah | year=2011 | publisher=PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd. | location=Malaysia | isbn=978-967-3-66064-3 | page=388 | language=Arabic with Malay translation | type=Hardcover}}
* {{cite book | last=Ishaq | first=Ibn | authorlink=Ibn Ishaq | coauthor=[[Alfred Guillaume|Guillaume, Alfred]], ed. | title=The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-19-636033-1}}
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* {{cite book | last=Khan | first=Majid Ali | authorlink=Majid Ali Khan | title=Muhammad The Final Messenger | publisher=Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India) | year=1998 | isbn=81-85738-25-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Kochler | first=Hans | authorlink=Hans Köchler | title=Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity | publisher=I.P.O. | year=1982 | isbn=3-7003-0339-4}}
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* {{cite news | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=Islamic Revolution |date=21 January 1998 | publisher=The New York Review of Books | url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1988/jan/21/islamic-revolution/}}
* {{cite book | last=Lings | first=Martin | authorlink=Martin Lings | title=[[Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources]] | publisher=Islamic Texts Society.| year=1983 | isbn=978-0-946621-33-0}} US edn. by Inner Traditions International, Ltd.
* {{cite book | last = Madelung | first = Wilferd | authorlink = Wilferd Madelung | title = [[The Succession to Muhammad|The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate]] | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-521-64696-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Momen| first=Moojan | authorlink=Moojan Momen | title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism | publisher=Yale University Press| year=1985 | isbn=0-300-03531-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Neusner| first=Jacob | title=God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions | publisher=Georgetown University Press| year=2003 | isbn=0-87840-910-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Nigosian | first=S. A. | authorlink=S. A. Nigosian | title= Islam:Its History, Teaching, and Practices | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-253-21627-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Ordoni | first=Abu Muhammad |author2=Muhammad Kazim Qazwini | title=[[Fatima the Gracious]] |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |year=1992| asin=B000BWQ7N6}}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | authorlink=F. E. Peters | year=2003 | title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians| publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=0-691-11553-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | year=2003b | title=The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition| publisher=Princeton University Press | id=ASIN: B0012385Z6 | isbn=0-691-11461-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | authorlink=F. E. Peters | year=1994 | title=Muhammad and the Origins of Islam| publisher=SUNY Press | isbn=0-7914-1876-6}}
* {{cite journal|journal = [[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]|author = Peters, F. E.|title = [[The Quest of the Historical Muhammad (Peters)|The Quest of the Historical Muhammad]]|volume = 23|number = |year = 1991|pages = 291–315|doi =10.1017/S0020743800056312|issue = 3 }}
* {{cite book | last=Peterson | first=Daniel | authorlink=Daniel C. Peterson | year=2007 | title=Muhammad, Prophet of God| publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | isbn=0-8028-0754-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Rahman | first=Fazlur | authorlink=Fazlur Rahman | year=1979 | title= Islam | publisher= University of Chicago Press | isbn=0-226-70281-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Ramadan | first=Tariq | authorlink=Tariq Ramadan | year=2007 | title= In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-530880-8}}
* {{cite book | last = Razwi | first = Ali Asgher | title =A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims | publisher = World Federation of K S I Muslim Communities Islamic Centre | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-9509879-1-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Reeves | first=Minou | authorlink=Minou Reeves | title=Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making | year=2003 | publisher=NYU Press | isbn=978-0-8147-7564-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Robinson | first=David | title=Muslim Societies in African History | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-521-82627-6}}
* {{cite book | author-link=Maxime Rodinson|author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=1-86064-827-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Rue | first=Loyal | authorlink=Loyal Rue | title=Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological | publisher=Rutgers | year=2005 | isbn=0-8135-3955-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Serin | first=Muhittin | title= Hattat Aziz Efendi | publisher=Istanbul | year=1998 | isbn=975-7663-03-4 | oclc=51718704}}
* {{cite book | last=Sikand |first=Yoginder |title=Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-31486-0}}
* {{cite book | last = Tabatabae | first = Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | authorlink = Allameh Tabatabaei | title = [[Tafsir al-Mizan|AL-MIZAN:AN EXEGESIS OF THE QUR'AN]], translation by S. Saeed Rizvi| publisher = WOFIS| isbn =964-6521-14-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Teed | first=Peter | title= A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1992 | isbn=0-19-211676-2}}
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* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1961 | isbn=0-19-881078-4}} (New edition 1974)
* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | title=[[Muhammad at Medina (book)|Muhammad at Medina]] | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1956 | isbn=0-19-577307-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery| title=[[Muhammad at Mecca (book)|Muhammad at Mecca]] | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1953 | id=ASIN: B000IUA52A | isbn=0-19-577277-6}}
* {{cite journal |last1 = Weil |first1 = Gustav |authorlink1= Gustav Weil |last2 = Sanders |first2 = Frank K. |last3 = Dunning |first3 = Harry W. | year = 1895 |title = An Introduction to the Quran |journal = The Biblical World |publisher = The University of Chicago Press |volume = 5 |issue = 3 |pages = 181–191 |jstor = 3135387 |doi = 10.1086/471621}}
* {{cite journal |last1 = Weil |first1 = Gustav |authorlink1= Gustav Weil |year = 1895 |title = An Introduction to the Quran II |journal = The Biblical World |publisher = The University of Chicago Press |volume = 5 |issue = 4 |pages = 273–286 | jstor = 3135160 |doi = 10.1086/471639}}
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===Kamusi elezo===
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* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian | encyclopedia=Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-9743091-0-1}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]], E. van Donzel, [[Wolfhart Heinrichs|W. P. Heinrichs]] | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] Online | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | issn=1573-3912}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Lindsay Jones | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | edition=2nd | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-02-865733-2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=2005 | isbn=978-90-04-12356-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-860223-5}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated | edition=Rev | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59339-236-9}}
{{refend}}
 
 
 
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