Ulemavu : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Picha:Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|thumbnail|Alama ya jengo linalofaa kwa watu wanaotumia kiti cha magurudumu]]
'''Ulemavu''' ni hali ya kuwa na hitilafu ya kudumu mwilini au akilini inayomzuia mtu kutekeleza shughuli zilizo kawaida katika maisha ya jamii. Unamwekea mtu mipaka asiweze kutekeleza shughuli fulani katika maisha yake, tofauti na watu wengine.
 
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Kwa mfano mtoto aliyeambukizwa ugonjwa wa kupooza ''(ing. cerebral palsy)'' anabaki na hitilafu ya viungo vya miguu hawezi kuvikunja wala haiwezi kubeba uzito wa mwili wake. Hitilafu hii inamzuia kutembea kwa njia ya kawaida. Kama hatibiwi hitilafu inaweza kuongezeka kwa sababu musuli ya miguu zinajikaza zaidi na zaidi. Kukosa uwezo wa kutembea ni ulemavu. Lakini kiwango chake kinaweza kupunguzwa kwa tiba na vifaa vya pekee. Akijifunza kutembea kwa kutumia vyuma vilivyofungwa kando la miguu vizuizi vya kutekeleza shughuli vinapungua sana. Kutegemeana na mazingira anapoishi ataona hasara ndogo au kubwa zaidi akitafuta njia yake katika maisha.
[[file:Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. 024.jpg|thumb|250px|Vilema, picha ya Pieter Bruegel Mzee, Uholanzi mnamo 1568]]
 
==Ulemavu wa kimwili==
Ulemavu wa kimwili unatoknana na hitilafu yote inayoweka mipaka kazi ya kawaida ya viungo vya mwili kama vile mikono au miguu.
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* {{cite book |last1=DePoy |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Gilson |first2=Stephen French |year=2004 |title=Rethinking Disability: Principles for Professional and Social Change |location=Pacific Grove, CA |publisher=Brooks Cole |isbn=978-0-534-54929-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last=Donovan |first=Rich |date=March 1, 2012 |title=The Global Economics of Disability |url=http://www.returnondisability.com/pdf-docs/The_Global_Economics_of_Disability_2012.pdf |publisher=Return on Disability |accessdate=August 11, 2012 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ducy |first1=Elizabeth McAdams |last2=Stough |first2=Laura M. |last3=Clark |first3=M. Carolyn |year=2012 |title=Choosing Agency in the Midst of Vulnerability: Using Critical Disability Theory to Examine a Disaster Narrative |work=Critical Qualitative Research Reader |editor1-last=Steinberg |editor1-first=Shirley R. |editor2-last=Cannella |editor2-first=Gaile S. |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-0688-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last=Miles |first=Albert S |year=1994 |title=Brown v. Board of Education and the American with Disabilities Act: Vistas of equal educational opportunities for African Americans |journal=Journal of Negro Education |volume=63 |issue=3 |ref=harv}}
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