Mikoa ya Tanzania : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Picha:Tanzania,_administrative_divisions_-_sw_-_colored.svg|thumbnail|400px|Ramani ya mikoa ya Tanzania mwaka 2012]]
{{Politics of Tanzania}}
'''[[Tanzania]]''' imegawanyika katika mikoa 30 (miji mikuu imewekwa kwenye mabano).
 
== Mikoa ya Tanzania, miji mikuu, eneo na idadi ya wakazi<ref>[http://www.wavuti.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012]</ref> ==
==Historia ya mikoa==
Mwaka 1975 idadi ya mikoa ilikuwa 25 pekee, kati ya hii 20 kwenye bara na 5 kwenye visiwa vya Unguja na Pemba. Mwaka 2002 Mkoa wa Ziwa-Magharibi ikabadilishwa jina kuwa Mkoa wa Kagera. Mkoa wa Arusha ukagawiwa mwaka 2003 kuwa mikoa miwili ya Arusha na Manyara.
 
Mwaka 2012 mikoa minne mipya ilianzishwa ambayo ni
*mkoa wa Geita, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Mwanza
*Mkoa wa Katavi, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Rukwa
*Mkoa wa Njombe, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Iringa
*Mkoa wa Simiyu, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Shinyanga
 
===Ugawaji wa nchi wakati wa ukoloni===
 
====Utawala wa Kijerumani====
Wakati wa ukoloni wa Kijerumani eneo la Tanzania lilikuwa pamoja na Rwanda na Burundi kama [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. Mwaka 1913 eneo lote liligawiwa kwa mikoa 21 na maeneo matatu ya wawakilishi wakazi. Mikoa 19 ilikuwa chini ya wakuu wa mkoa wa kawaida na mikoa miwili ilikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya kijeshi.
 
Mikoa ya kawaida ilikuwa:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Na. !! Mkoa !! Na. !! Mkoa
|-
| 1. || Wilhelmstal ([[Lushoto]])|| 11.|| Langenburg ([[Tukuyu]])
|-
| 2. || [[Tanga]] || 12. || Bismarckburg ([[Kasanga]])
|-
| 3. || [[Pangani]] || 13. || [[Ujiji]]
|-
| 4. || [[Bagamoyo]] || 14. || [[Tabora]]
|-
| 5. || [[Morogoro]] || 15. || [[Dodoma]]
|-
| 6. || [[Dar es Salaam]] || 16. || [[Kondoa-Irangi]]
|-
| 7. || [[Rufiji]] || 17.|| [[Moshi]]
|-
| 8. || [[Kilwa]] || 18. || [[Arusha]]
|-
| 9. || [[Lindi]] || 19. || [[Mwanza]]
|-
| 10. || [[Songea]] || ||
|}
 
Mikoa miwili ya [[Iringa]] na [[Mahenge]] ilikuwa "mikoa ya kijeshi" yaani chini ya usimamizi ya maafisa wakuu wa jeshi la [[Schutztruppe]].
 
Maeneo ya [[Bukoba]] (takriban sawa na [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] wa leo), [[Ruanda]] na [[Urundi]] yaliendelea kutawaliwa na watawala wao wa kieneyeji wakiangaliwa na [[mwakilishi mkazi]] wa Ujerumani aliyekuwa kama balozi, mshauri mkuu na msimamizi wa watawala hao.
====Utawala wa Kiingereza====
Tangu mwaka 1918/1919 eneo la Tanganyika lilikuwa [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] kwa Uingereza bila maeneo ya Rwanda (Ruanda) na Burundi (Urundi). Tanganyika likigawiwa mwaka 1922 kuwa na mikoa ileile ilhali majina ya Kijerumani yalibadilishwa kuwa majina ya kienyeji kama vile <ref>http://www.statoids.com/utz.html</ref>:
 
[[Arusha]], [[Bagamoyo]], [[Bukoba]], [[Daressalam]], [[Dodoma]], [[Iringa]] (si tena mkoa wa kijeshi), [[Kilwa]], [[Kondoa-Irangi]], [[Lindi]], [[Mahenge]] (si tena mkoa wa kijeshi), [[Morogoro]], [[Moshi]], [[Mwanza]], [[Pangani]], [[Rufiji]], [[Rungwe]], [[Songea]], [[Tabora]], [[Tanga]], [[Ufipa]] (badala ya Bismarckburg), [[Ujiji]] na [[Usambara]] (badala ya Wilhelmstal).
 
Katika miaka ijayo mfumo huu wa kiutawala ukabadilishwa. Mnamo mwaka 1948 Waingereza walikuwa na mikoa ifuatao:
 
(Mkoa), (Idadi ya wakazi)
*Central (Kati) 821,147
*Eastern (Mashariki) 933,120
*Lake (Ziwani) 1,853,719
*Northern (Kaskazini) 592,300
*Southern (Kusini) 917,648
*Southern Highlands (Nyanda za Juu za Kusini) 849,995
*Tanga 557,245
*Western (Magharibi) 952,503
*Tanganyika yote 7,477,677
 
Mwaka 1961 Mkoa wa Masahriki igagawiwa na Dar es Salaam kuwa mkoa wa pekee. Ziwa Magharibi ikatengwa na Mkoa wa Ziwani.
 
Mikoa hii ilirithiwa na nchi huru ya Tanganyika.
 
Tarehe 26 mwezi wa Aprili Tanganyika na Zanzibar zikaungana. Tanzania sasa ilikuwa na mikoa 12:
 
'''Province Population Area(km.²) Capital Regions'''
Central 886,962 94,301 Dodoma Dodoma, Singida
Dar es Salaam 128,742 1,393 Dar es Salaam Coast (part)
Eastern 955,828 107,630 Dar es Salaam Coast (part), Morogoro
Lake 1,731,794 107,711 Mwanza Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga (part)
Northern 772,434 85,374 Arusha Arusha, Kilimanjaro (part)
Pemba 133,858 984 Chake Chake Pemba
Southern 1,014,265 143,027 Mtwara Mtwara, Ruvuma
Southern Highlands 1,030,269 119,253 Mbeya Iringa, Mbeya (part)
Tanga 688,290 35,750 Tanga Kilimanjaro (part), Tanga
West Lake 514,431 28,388 Bukoba West Lake
Western 1,062,598 203,068 Tabora Kigoma, Mbeya (part), Shinyanga (part), Tabora
Zanzibar 165,253 1,658 Zanzibar Zanzibar Rural, Zanzibar West
12 provinces 9,084,724 928,537
 
Population: 1958 census
Regions: approximate equivalent regions after the reorganization
 
~1966: Tanzania reorganized into twenty regions.
~1967: Zanzibar Shambani (Rural) region split into Zanzibar Shambani North and Zanzibar Shambani South, which later became Zanzibar North and Zanzibar South and Central.
~1971: Rukwa region created from parts of Mbeya and Tabora.
1972-07-01: Lindi region split from Mtwara.
1974-01-01: Dar es Salaam region split from Coast.
~1982: Name of Coast region changed to Pwani; Pemba region split into Pemba North and Pemba South.
~1984: Name of West Lake region changed to Kagera.
~2002-05: Manyara region split from Arusha (former HASC code TZ.AR, FIPS code TZ01) (Sources [2]-[4]). All sources agree that Manyara contains Babati, Hanang, Kiteto, and Mbulu districts. That's all that source [4] seems to list. Source [3] adds Manyara and Simanjiro districts. If I follow the German text correctly, source [3] also says that the southern part of Monduli district was annexed to Babati district. Source [11] lists adds Simanjiro district and Babati town to the four.
2012-03-02: Government Notice No. 72 took effect. Geita region (capital Geita) formed by taking Bukombe district from Shinyanga region, Chato from Kagera, and Geita from Mwanza; Katavi region (capital Mpanda) formed by taking Mpanda district from Rukwa region; Njombe region (capital Njombe) formed by taking Ludewa, Makete, and Njombe districts from Iringa region; Simiyu region (capital Bariadi) formed by taking Bariadi, Meatu, and Maswa districts from Shinyanga region, and the newly created Busega district from Mwanza. The former HASC codes of the diminished regions were TZ.IR (Iringa), TZ.KR (Kagera), TZ.MW (Mwanza), TZ.RK (Rukwa), and TZ.SH (Shinyanga).
 
==Mikoa tangu 2012==
Tangu mwaka 2012 mikoa 30 ya Tanzania ni kama ifuatayo:
 
*[[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] ([[Arusha]])
*[[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] ([[Dar es Salaam]])
*[[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] ([[Dodoma]])
*[[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]] ([[Geita]])
*[[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] ([[Iringa]])
*[[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] ([[Bukoba]])
*[[Mkoa wa Katavi|Katavi]] ([[Mpanda]])
*[[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] ([[Kigoma]])
*[[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] ([[Moshi]])
*[[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] ([[Lindi]])
*[[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] ([[Babati]])
*[[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] ([[Musoma]])
*[[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] ([[Mbeya]])
*[[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] ([[Morogoro]])
*[[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] ([[Mtwara]])
*[[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] ([[Mwanza]])
*[[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]] ([[Njombe]])
*[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]] ([[Wete]])
*[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] ([[Chake Chake]])
*[[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] ([[Kibaha]])
*[[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] ([[Sumbawanga]])
*[[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] ([[Songea]])
*[[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] ([[Shinyanga]])
*[[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] ([[Bariadi]])
*[[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] ([[Singida]])
*[[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] ([[Tabora]])
*[[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] ([[Tanga]])
*[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Zanzibar Kati/Kusini]] ([[Koani]])
*[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] ([[Mkokotoni]])
*[[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Magharibi]] ([[Zanzibar]])
 
Mikoa hiyo yote imegawanyika tena kwenye ''[[wilaya]]'' 169.
 
Wilaya zimeganyika katika kata kibao.
 
==Jedwali la Mikoa, miji mikuu, eneo na idadi ya wakazi<ref>[http://www.wavuti.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012]</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
Line 389 ⟶ 255:
|-
|}
Mikoa hiyo yote imegawanyika tena kwenye ''[[wilaya]]'' 169. Wilaya zimeganyika katika kata kibao.
 
==Historia ya mikoa==
===Ugawaji wa nchi wakati wa ukoloni===
 
====Utawala wa Kijerumani====
Wakati wa ukoloni wa Kijerumani eneo la Tanzania lilikuwa pamoja na Rwanda na Burundi kama [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. Mwaka 1913 eneo lote liligawiwa kwa mikoa 21 na maeneo matatu ya wawakilishi wakazi. Mikoa 19 ilikuwa chini ya wakuu wa mkoa wa kawaida na mikoa miwili ilikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya kijeshi.
 
Mikoa ya kawaida ilikuwa:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Na. !! Mkoa !! Na. !! Mkoa
|-
| 1. || Wilhelmstal ([[Lushoto]])|| 11.|| Langenburg ([[Tukuyu]])
|-
| 2. || [[Tanga]] || 12. || Bismarckburg ([[Kasanga]])
|-
| 3. || [[Pangani]] || 13. || [[Ujiji]]
|-
| 4. || [[Bagamoyo]] || 14. || [[Tabora]]
|-
| 5. || [[Morogoro]] || 15. || [[Dodoma]]
|-
| 6. || [[Dar es Salaam]] || 16. || [[Kondoa-Irangi]]
|-
| 7. || [[Rufiji]] || 17.|| [[Moshi]]
|-
| 8. || [[Kilwa]] || 18. || [[Arusha]]
|-
| 9. || [[Lindi]] || 19. || [[Mwanza]]
|-
| 10. || [[Songea]] || ||
|}
 
Mikoa miwili ya [[Iringa]] na [[Mahenge]] ilikuwa "mikoa ya kijeshi" yaani chini ya usimamizi ya maafisa wakuu wa jeshi la [[Schutztruppe]].
 
Maeneo ya [[Bukoba]] (takriban sawa na [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] wa leo), [[Ruanda]] na [[Urundi]] yaliendelea kutawaliwa na watawala wao wa kieneyeji wakiangaliwa na [[mwakilishi mkazi]] wa Ujerumani aliyekuwa kama balozi, mshauri mkuu na msimamizi wa watawala hao.
====Utawala wa Kiingereza====
Tangu mwaka 1918/1919 eneo la Tanganyika lilikuwa [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] kwa Uingereza bila maeneo ya Rwanda (Ruanda) na Burundi (Urundi). Tanganyika likigawiwa mwaka 1922 kuwa na mikoa ileile ilhali majina ya Kijerumani yalibadilishwa kuwa majina ya kienyeji kama vile <ref>http://www.statoids.com/utz.html</ref>:
 
[[Arusha]], [[Bagamoyo]], [[Bukoba]], [[Daressalam]], [[Dodoma]], [[Iringa]] (si tena mkoa wa kijeshi), [[Kilwa]], [[Kondoa-Irangi]], [[Lindi]], [[Mahenge]] (si tena mkoa wa kijeshi), [[Morogoro]], [[Moshi]], [[Mwanza]], [[Pangani]], [[Rufiji]], [[Rungwe]], [[Songea]], [[Tabora]], [[Tanga]], [[Ufipa]] (badala ya Bismarckburg), [[Ujiji]] na [[Usambara]] (badala ya Wilhelmstal).
 
Katika miaka ijayo mfumo huu wa kiutawala ukabadilishwa. Mnamo mwaka 1948 Waingereza walikuwa na mikoa ifuatao:
 
(Mkoa), (Idadi ya wakazi)
*Central (Kati) 821,147
*Eastern (Mashariki) 933,120
*Lake (Ziwani) 1,853,719
*Northern (Kaskazini) 592,300
*Southern (Kusini) 917,648
*Southern Highlands (Nyanda za Juu za Kusini) 849,995
*Tanga 557,245
*Western (Magharibi) 952,503
*Tanganyika yote 7,477,677
 
Mwaka 1961 Mkoa wa Masahriki igagawiwa na Dar es Salaam kuwa mkoa wa pekee. Ziwa Magharibi ikatengwa na Mkoa wa Ziwani.
 
Mikoa hii ilirithiwa na nchi huru ya Tanganyika.
 
Tarehe 26 mwezi wa Aprili Tanganyika na Zanzibar zikaungana. Tanzania sasa ilikuwa na mikoa 12:
 
'''Province Population Area(km.²) Capital Regions'''
Central 886,962 94,301 Dodoma Dodoma, Singida
Dar es Salaam 128,742 1,393 Dar es Salaam Coast (part)
Eastern 955,828 107,630 Dar es Salaam Coast (part), Morogoro
Lake 1,731,794 107,711 Mwanza Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga (part)
Northern 772,434 85,374 Arusha Arusha, Kilimanjaro (part)
Pemba 133,858 984 Chake Chake Pemba
Southern 1,014,265 143,027 Mtwara Mtwara, Ruvuma
Southern Highlands 1,030,269 119,253 Mbeya Iringa, Mbeya (part)
Tanga 688,290 35,750 Tanga Kilimanjaro (part), Tanga
West Lake 514,431 28,388 Bukoba West Lake
Western 1,062,598 203,068 Tabora Kigoma, Mbeya (part), Shinyanga (part), Tabora
Zanzibar 165,253 1,658 Zanzibar Zanzibar Rural, Zanzibar West
12 provinces 9,084,724 928,537
 
Population: 1958 census
Regions: approximate equivalent regions after the reorganization
 
~1966: Tanzania reorganized into twenty regions.
~1967: Zanzibar Shambani (Rural) region split into Zanzibar Shambani North and Zanzibar Shambani South, which later became Zanzibar North and Zanzibar South and Central.
~1971: Rukwa region created from parts of Mbeya and Tabora.
1972-07-01: Lindi region split from Mtwara.
1974-01-01: Dar es Salaam region split from Coast.
~1982: Name of Coast region changed to Pwani; Pemba region split into Pemba North and Pemba South.
~1984: Name of West Lake region changed to Kagera.
~2002-05: Manyara region split from Arusha (former HASC code TZ.AR, FIPS code TZ01) (Sources [2]-[4]). All sources agree that Manyara contains Babati, Hanang, Kiteto, and Mbulu districts. That's all that source [4] seems to list. Source [3] adds Manyara and Simanjiro districts. If I follow the German text correctly, source [3] also says that the southern part of Monduli district was annexed to Babati district. Source [11] lists adds Simanjiro district and Babati town to the four.
2012-03-02: Government Notice No. 72 took effect. Geita region (capital Geita) formed by taking Bukombe district from Shinyanga region, Chato from Kagera, and Geita from Mwanza; Katavi region (capital Mpanda) formed by taking Mpanda district from Rukwa region; Njombe region (capital Njombe) formed by taking Ludewa, Makete, and Njombe districts from Iringa region; Simiyu region (capital Bariadi) formed by taking Bariadi, Meatu, and Maswa districts from Shinyanga region, and the newly created Busega district from Mwanza. The former HASC codes of the diminished regions were TZ.IR (Iringa), TZ.KR (Kagera), TZ.MW (Mwanza), TZ.RK (Rukwa), and TZ.SH (Shinyanga).
 
Mwaka 1975 idadi ya mikoa ilikuwa 25 pekee, kati ya hii 20 kwenye bara na 5 kwenye visiwa vya Unguja na Pemba. Mwaka 2002 Mkoa wa Ziwa-Magharibi ikabadilishwa jina kuwa Mkoa wa Kagera. Mkoa wa Arusha ukagawiwa mwaka 2003 kuwa mikoa miwili ya Arusha na Manyara.
 
Mwaka 2012 mikoa minne mipya ilianzishwa ambayo ni
*mkoa wa Geita, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Mwanza
*Mkoa wa Katavi, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Rukwa
*Mkoa wa Njombe, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Iringa
*Mkoa wa Simiyu, kutoka maeneo ya Mkoa wa Shinyanga
 
== Tazama pia ==