Wikipedia

Iraq : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

Browse history interactively
← Badilisho lililopitaBadilisho lijalo →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
d →‎Uchumi: All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ja}} (2) using AWB (10903)
No edit summary
Mstari 7:
|image_map = Iraq in its region.svg
|official_religion = [[Islam]]
|national_motto = [[Kiarabu]]: الله أكبر<br />(''Allahu Akbar'')<br />([[Translation]]: "Mungu ni mkubwamkuu")
|national_anthem = ''[[Mawtini]]'' (new);<br />''[[Ardh Alforatain]]'' (previous){{ref|1}}
|capital = [[Baghdad]]{{ref|2}}
Mstari 15:
|government_type = [[Jamhuri]], [[serikali ya kibunge]]
|leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]]
|leader_names = [[JalalFuad TalabaniMasum]]<br />[[NouriHaider al-MalikiAbadi]]
|area_rank = ya 5859
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area = 438437,317072
|areami² = 169,234 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 1.1
|population_estimate = 2837,807056,000169
|population_estimate_rank = ya 4036
|population_estimate_year = 20052015
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density = 6682.7
|population_densitymi² = 171183.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = ya 125
|GDP_PPP = $89.8 billioni
Mstari 53:
2 Arbil ni mju mkuu wa jimbo la kujitawala la [[Kurdistan]].<br />3 Lugha rasmi za serikali kitaifa ni Kiarabu na Kikurdi. Kikurdi ni lugha rasmi ya jimbo la Kurdistan. Kikatiba lugha za Kiassiryani na Kiturkmeni ni lugha rasmi kieneo penye wasemaji wengi wa lugha hizi.
}}
[[Picha:Iraq-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|leftright|200px|[[Ramani]] ya Iraq]]
'''Iraq''' (kwa Kiarabu العراق, al-ʿIrāq) ni nchi ya [[Asia ya Magharibi]] inayokaliwa hasa na [[Waarabu]] (75-80%) lakini pia nna wengine. Inajumlisha eneo al Mesopotamia pamoja na sehemu ya jangwa la Shamu na ya milima ya Zagros. Imepakana na [[Kuwait]], [[Saudia]],hasa [[YordaniWakurdi]], [[Syria]], [[Uturuki]] na [[Uajemi]]15%). Kuna pwani fupi kwenye [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]].
 
Inajumlisha eneo la [[Mesopotamia]] pamoja na sehemu ya [[jangwa la Shamu]] na ya [[milima ya Zagros]].
Iraq ni nchi yenye historia ndefu ilikuwa mahali pa miji ya kwanza ya dunia katika [[Sumeri]] na [[Babeli]]. Miaka ya nyuma imejulikana hasa kutokana na [[vita ya ghuba]] dhidi [[Marekani]] na nchi wenzake.
 
Imepakana na [[Kuwait]], [[Saudia]], [[Yordani]], [[Syria]], [[Uturuki]] na [[Uajemi]]. Kuna pwani fupi kwenye [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]].
 
== Jiografia ==
Sehemu kubwa ya Iraq ni [[jangwa]] lakini kuna eneo lenye rutba la [[Mesopotamiarutuba]] kati ya [[mito]] ya [[Frati]] na [[Hidekeli]]. Kaskazini ni hasa nchi ya milima inayopanda hadi ya kimo cha 3,611 m [[juu ya UB]].
 
[[Kaskazini]] ni hasa [[nchi ya milima]] inayopanda hadi ya [[kimo]] cha [[m]] 3,611 [[juu ya UB]].
Hali ya hewa inalingana na mazingira. Kipindi cha kiangazi kuna joto kali. Majira ya [[Desemba]]-[[Februari]] kuna halijoto ya kupoa kwenye kusini na baridi kali mlimani.▼
 
▲[[Hali ya hewa]] inalingana na [[mazingira |mazingira]]. Kipindi cha [[kiangazi]] kuna [[joto]] kali. Majira ya [[Desemba]]-[[Februari]] kuna [[halijoto]] ya kupoa kwenye [[kusini]] na [[baridi]] kali mlimani.
 
==Historia==
Iraq ni nchi yenye [[historia]] ndefuː ilikuwa [[kitovu]] cha [[ustaarabu]] wa [[binadamu]], mahali pa [[miji]] ya kwanza [[duniani]] katika [[Sumeri]] na [[Babeli]].
 
Miaka ya hivi karibuni imejulikana hasa kutokana na [[vita]] mbalimbaliː kwanza [[Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi|vita dhidi ya Uajemi]] chini ya [[serikali]] ya [[Saddam Hussein]] tangu [[1981]], baadaye [[Vita ya Ghuba ya 1990/91|vita dhidi ya Kuwait na Marekani]].
 
[[Vita vya pili vya ghuba]] ya [[2003]] iliyoleta uvamizi wa [[Marekani]] ilizidi kuleta [[Kifo|vifo]] na [[uharibifu]].
 
Hatimaye [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vilivyoingiliwa na [[DAESH]] iliyoteka sehemu kubwa ya nchi, hasa kaskazini na [[magharibi]].
 
==Watu==
[[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kwanza ni [[Kiarabu]], ikifuatwa na [[Kikurdi]] ambayo pia imekuwa lugha rasmi, halafu [[lugha]] nyingine za jamii mbalimbali ambazo pengine zinatambulika kieneo.
 
Wakazi wengi (95%), hasa baada ya vita vya hivi karibuni, ni [[Waislamu]], wakiwemo kwanza [[Washia]] halafu na [[Wasuni]]. [[Wakristo]] waliobaki ni 5%, wakiwemo hasa waamini wa [[Kanisa Katoliki la Wakaldayo]] na [[Waashuru]] wa [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki|Kanisa la Mashariki]].
 
== Uchumi ==
Iraq ina [[akiba]] kubwa za [[mafuta ya petroli]] [[ardhi|ardhini]]. Mapato kutokana na mafuta yalileta [[maendeleo]] makubwa nchini hadi mwanzo wa kipindi cha [[Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi|vita dhidivilivyoharibu yasana Uajemi]]nchi chinipamoja ya serikali yana [[Saddam Husseinuchumi]] tangu 1981 kwanza, baadaye [[Vita ya Ghuba ya 1990/91|vita dhidi ya Kuwait na Marekani]]. Vita ya pili ya ghuba ya 2003 iliyoleta uvamizi wa Marekani ilizidi kuleta vifo na uharibifu. Vita hizi zimeharibu nchi pamoja na uchumi wake sana.
 
{{asia}}▼
{{mbegu-jio-Asia}}
 
==Marejeo==
* Shadid, Anthony 2005. ''Night Draws Near''. Henry Holt and Co., [[New York|NY]], U.S. ISBN 0-8050-7602-6
* Hanna Batatu, "The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq", Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]], 1978
* [[Charles Glass]], "The Northern Front: A Wartime Diary"' [[Saqi Books]], London, 2004, ISBN 0-86356-770-3
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/ A Dweller in Mesopotamia], being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921. ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf layered PDF] format)''
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/ By Desert Ways to Baghdad], by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed). ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xW684B/1f/desert_ways_to_baghdad.pdf layered PDF] format)''
* {{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Interior – General Directorate For Nationality|accessdate=18 February 2013|date=2006-01-30|ref={{harvid|Iraqi Constitution}} }}
* Benjamin Busch, "'Today is Better than Tomorrow'. A Marine returns to a divided Iraq", ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'', October 2014, pp.&nbsp;29–44.
 
==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons}}
; Serikali
▲{{asia}}
* [http://www.iraqipresidency.net/ Presidency of Iraq]
* [http://www.cabinet.iq/default.aspx Cabinet of Iraq]
; Taarifa za jumla
* {{CIA World Factbook link|iz|Iraq}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Iraq}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14542954 Iraq profile] from the [[BBC News]]
 
[[Jamii:Iraq| ]]
Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq"