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'''Ukambi''' (au '''surua''') ni maambukizi[[ugonjwa wa kuambukiza]] yanayoenezwaunaoenezwa sana kupitia mgusano yanayosababishwa na [[virusi vya ukambi]].<ref name=MM2014>{{cite web|title=Measles|work=Merck Manual Professional|publisher=Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.|date=September 2013|accessdate=23 March 2014|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous_viral_infections_in_infants_and_children/measles.html|editor=Caserta, MT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Measles (Red Measles, Rubeola)|url=http://www.health.gov.sk.ca/red-measles|website=http://www.health.gov.sk.ca/|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref>
[[Ishara]] na [[dalili]] za kwanza kwa kawaida hujumuisha [[homa]], ambayo mara nyingi huwa zaidi ya {{convert|40|C|F|1}}, [[kikohozi]], [[mafua]], na [[konjuktivitisi|macho mekundu]].<ref name=MM2014/><ref name=CDC2014SS/> Siku [[mbili]] au [[tatu]] baada ya dalili kuanza, madoa madogo meupe yanaweza kuonekana ndani ya [[kinywa]] yanayojulikana kama [[alama za koplik]].<!-- <ref name=CDC2014SS/> --> [[Chunusi]] nyekundu, zinazoanza kwenye [[uso]] kisha kuenea kwa [[mwili]] wote, kwa kawaida huanza siku tatu hadi [[tano]] baada ya mwanzo wa dalili.<ref name=CDC2014SS>{{cite web|title=Measles (Rubeola) Signs and Symptoms|url=http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/signs-symptoms.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=5 February 2015|date=November 3, 2014}}</ref>
Dalili kwa kawaida huwa siku 10–12 baada ya kutangamana na [[mtu]] aliyeambukizwa kwa siku 7–10.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Conn2014>{{cite book|title=Conn's Current Therapy 2015: Expert Consult - Online|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323319560|page=153|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hv8fBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT189}}</ref>
Matatizo zaidi ya ukambi hutokea kwa takriban [[asilimia]] 30 na yanaweza kujumuisha [[kuhara]], [[upofu]], [[ensefalitisi|inflamesheni ya ubongo]], na [[nimonia]] miongoni mwa mengine.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=CDC2012Pink/>
[[Rubela]] na [[eksanthema subitum|roseola]] ni magonjwa tofauti ingawa yanafanana na surua.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marx|first1=John A.|title=Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice|date=2010|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780323054720|pages=1541|edition=7th ed.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=u7TNcpCeqx8C&pg=PA1541}}</ref>
== Kisababishi na utambuzi ==
Ukambi ni [[ugonjwa]] unaoambukiza kupitia hewani[[hewa]] na kuenezwa kwa urahisi na watu walioambukizwa kupitia [[kikohozi]] na [[kupiga chafya]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Pia unaweza kuenezwa kupitia kutangamana na [[mate]] au [[kamasi|makamasi]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Watu [[tisa]] kati ya [[kumi]] wasio na [[kingamwili]] wanaokaa pamoja na mtu aliyeambukizwa wataambukizwa ukambi.<!-- <ref name=CDC2012Pink/> --> Watu huweza kuwaambukiza wengine katika siku nne kabla hadi siku nne baada ya mwanzo wa chunusi.<ref name=CDC2012Pink>{{cite book|last1=Atkinson|first1=William|title=Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases|date=2011|publisher=Public Health Foundation|isbn=9780983263135|pages=301–323|edition=12|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/meas.html|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
Watu kwa kawaida hupata ugonjwa huu mara [[moja]] tu.<ref name=WHO2014/> Vipimo vya [[virusi]] hivi katika visa vinavyokisiwa ni muhimu kama sehemu ya juhudi za [[afya ya umma]].<ref name=CDC2012Pink/>
== Kinga na tiba ==
[[Chanjo ya ukambi]] huwa mwafaka katika kuzuia ugonjwa huu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Uchanjaji]] umepunguza asilimia 75 ya [[Kifo|vifo]] vilivyotokana na ukambi kati ya miaka ya 2000 na 2013 na takriban asilimia 85 ya [[watoto]] ulimwenguni kote wanapata chanjo kwa sasa.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->
[[Chanjo ya ukambi]] huwa mwafaka katika kuzuia ugonjwa huu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Uchanjaji]] umesababisha upungufu kwa asilimia 75 ya vifo kutokana na ukambi kati ya miaka ya 2000 na 2013 na takriban asilimia 85 ya watoto ulimwenguni kote wanapata chanjo kwa sasa.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Hakuna matibabu maalum ya ukambi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> UtunzajiHata wahivyo, kimsaadautunzaji hatawa hivyo,kimsaada unaweza kuboresha matokeo.<ref name=WHO2014/> Hii inaweza kujumuisha kuwapa wagonjwa [[mmumunyo wa chumvi-maji za kunywa]] (viowevu vyenye [[utamu ]] na [[chumvi ]]), vyakula vyenye [[afya ]] na [[dawa ]] ili kusaidiaya kupunguza homa.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Conn2014/> [[Antibiotiki]] zinaweza kutumika ikiwa maambukizi ya [[bakteria ]] kama vile ya numonia yatatokea.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Nyongeza ya [[Vitamini A]] hupendekezwa katika nchi zinazoendelea.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Measles Fact sheet N°286|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=4 February 2015|date=November 2014}}</ref> ▼== Uzuiaji na matibabu ==
▲[[Chanjo ya ukambi]] huwa mwafaka katika kuzuia ugonjwa huu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Uchanjaji]] umesababisha upungufu kwa asilimia 75 ya vifo kutokana na ukambi kati ya miaka ya 2000 na 2013 na takriban asilimia 85 ya watoto ulimwenguni kote wanapata chanjo kwa sasa.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Hakuna matibabu maalum ya ukambi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Utunzaji wa kimsaada hata hivyo, unaweza kuboresha matokeo.<ref name=WHO2014/> Hii inaweza kujumuisha kuwapa wagonjwa [[mmumunyo wa chumvi-maji za kunywa]] (viowevu vyenye utamu na chumvi), vyakula vyenye afya na dawa ili kusaidia kupunguza homa.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Conn2014/> [[Antibiotiki]] zinaweza kutumika ikiwa maambukizi ya bakteria kama vile ya numonia yatatokea.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Nyongeza ya [[Vitamini A]] hupendekezwa katika nchi zinazoendelea.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Measles Fact sheet N°286|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=4 February 2015|date=November 2014}}</ref>
==Epidemiolojia na prognosisi==
Ukambi huathiri takriban watu [[milioni]] 20 kila mwaka,<ref name=MM2014/> kimsingihasa katika maeneo yanayoendelea barani [[Afrika]] na [[Asia]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ukambi husababisha vifo vingi vinavyoweza kuzuiwa kwa kutumia chanjo ikilinganishwa na magonjwa mengine.<ref name=Kabra2013>{{cite journal|last1=Kabra|first1=SK|last2=Lodhra|first2=R|title=Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=|pages=CD001477|date=14 August 2013|pmid=23943263|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001477.pub4}}</ref> Ukambi ulisababisha takriban vifo 96,000 katika mwaka wa 2013 ikilinganishwa na vifo 545,000 katika mwaka wa 1990.<ref name=GDB2013>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2}}</ref> Katika mwaka wa 1980, ugonjwa huu ulikadiriwa kusababisha vifo milioni 2.6 kila mwaka.<ref name=WHO2014/> Kabla ya uchanjaji nchini [[Marekani]], kati ya visa milioni tatu na milioni nne vilitokea kila mwaka.<ref name=CDC2012Pink/> Watu wengi wanaoambukizwa na kufariki huwa wenye [[umri]] wa chini ya miaka mitano.<ref name=WHO2014/> Hatari ya kifo kwa walioambukizwa kwa kawaida huwa asilimia 0.2,<ref name=CDC2012Pink/> lakini hii inaweza kuongezeka hadi asilimia 10 kwa wale walio na [[utapiamlo]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ukambi hauaminiki kuathiri [[wanyama wengine]].<ref name=WHO2014/>
==Marejeleo==
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