Tanganyika (ziwa) : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
kupanusha, bado tayari |
||
Mstari 14:
[[Picha:Ziwa Tanganyika.PNG|thumb|300px|left|Ziwa Tanganyika pamoja na miji muhimu kando lake]]
'''Ziwa la Tanganyika''' ni
Maji yake hutoka kuelekea [[Kongo (mto)|mto Kongo]] ha hatimaye katika [[Atlantiki|Bahari Atlantiki]].
[[Jina]] la ziwa limekuwa pia jina la [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|eneo lililokabidhiwa]] kwa Uingereza kama [[Tanganyika]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia|vita kuu ya kwanza]] tangu [[1919]].<ref>Mwaka 1919 sehemu kubwa ya koloni la Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilikabidhiwa rasmi mikononi mwa Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] chini ya mamlaka ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kulingana na kifungo 22 cha [[mkataba wa Versailles]].
Mwaka [[1922]] Shirikisho la Mataifa lilithibitisha hatua hiyo na kuamua masharti ya kukabidhi.
Waingereza walihitaji jina jipya kwa ajili ya koloni hilo na tangu Januari [[1920]] wakaamua kuliita "Tanganyika Territory" kwa kutumia jina la [[ziwa]] kubwa upande wa mashariki ya eneo. <sup>[[Tanganyika#cite note-1|[1]]]</sup>
</ref>
==== Jiografia ====
Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza ufa kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ni ziwa lenye kina kikubwa katika Afrika. Kina cha wastani ni 570 [[Mita|m]], ni kubwa zaidi katika sehemu ya kaskazini ambako vilindi vyake hufikia kina cha mita 1470. Kutokana na kina kikubwa kinashika kiwango kikubwa cha maji matamu kati ya maziwa yote ya Afrika (18,900 [[Mita ya ujazo|km³]]) na asilimia 16 ya maji matamu yote duniani.
Halijoto ya maji usoni mwa ziwa ni sentigredi 25 °C na uchungu wake ni mnamo [[pH]] 8.4.
Urefu wa ziwa ni 676 [[Mita|km]] kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini na upana wake ni 50 km kwa wastani. Uso wa maji huwa na eneo la 32,900 [[Kilomita ya mraba|km<sup>2</sup>]] na urefu wa pwani lake ni 1,828 km. <ref>[[Viwango vyote vinatajwa kufuatana na "World Lake Database" http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06]]</ref>
The enormous depth and tropical location of the lake can prevent 'turnover' of water masses, which means that much of the lower depths of the lake are so-called 'fossil water' and are anoxic (lacking oxygen). The catchment area of the lake is 231,000 km<sup>2</sup> (89,000 sq mi). Two main rivers flow into the lake, as well as numerous smaller rivers and streams (whose lengths are limited by the steep mountains around the lake). There is one major outflow, the Lukuga River, which empties into the Congo River drainage.
The major river flowing into the lake is the Ruzizi River, formed about 10,000 years ago, which enters the north of the lake from Lake Kivu. The Malagarasi River, which is Tanzania's second largest river, enters the east side of Lake Tanganyika. The Malagarasi is older than Lake Tanganyika and, before the lake was formed, directly drained into the Congo River.
The lake has a complex history of changing flow patterns, due to its high altitude, great depth, slow rate of refill and mountainous location in a turbulently volcanic area that has undergone climate changes. Apparently it has rarely in the past had an outflow to the sea. It has been described as 'practically endorheic' for this reason. The lake's connection to the sea is dependent on a high water level allowing water to overflow out of the lake through the Lukunga into the Congo.
Due to the lake's tropical location, it suffers a high rate of evaporation. Thus it depends on a high inflow through the Ruzizi out of Lake Kivu to keep the lake high enough to overflow. This outflow is apparently not more than 12,000 years old, and resulted from lava flows blocking and diverting the Kivu basin's previous outflow into Lake Edward and then the Nile system, and diverting it to Lake Tanganyika. Signs of ancient shorelines indicate that at times Tanganyika may have been up to 300 m lower than its present surface level, with no outlet to the sea. Even its current outlet is intermittent and may not have been operating when first visited by Western explorers in 1858.
The lake may also have at times had different inflows and outflows: inward flows from a higher Lake Rukwa, access to Lake Malawi and an exit route to the Nile have all been proposed to have existed at some point in the lake's history.<sup>[6]</sup>
Ziwa lina ujazo wake mkubwa umetokana na vilindi vyake vinaelekea chini hadi mita 1470. Urefu wa ziwa ni 673 km na upana wake takriban 50 km. Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza ufa kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Eneo la maji ni 32,900 km².
| |||