Idi Amin : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

'''Idi Amin Dada''' alikuwa [[mwanajeshi]] kutoka nchi ya Uganda aliyepindua [[serikali]] na kujifanya [[Orodha ya Marais wa Uganda|rais]] wa [[Uganda]] tangu mwaka [[1971]] hadi [[1979]] hadi alifukuzwaalipofukuzwa na [[jeshi]] la [[Tanzania]]. Alitawala [[dikteta|kidikteta]] ilhali [[uchumi]] wa nchi uliporomoka na jinaimakosa nyingimengi ya jinai dhidi ya [[haki yaza kibinadamu]] zilitendwa.

Idadi ya watu waliuawawaliouawa Uganda kutokana na utawala wake imekadiriwa kuwa kati ya watu 100,000<ref name="Ullman1978">{{cite journal|last=Ullman|first=Richard H.|title=Human Rights and Economic Power: The United States Versus Idi Amin|journal=[[Foreign Affairs]]|date=April 1978|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/29141/richard-h-ullman/human-rights-and-economic-power-the-united-states-versus-idi-ami|accessdate=26 March 2009|quote=The most conservative estimates by informed observers hold that President Idi Amin Dada and the terror squads operating under his loose direction have killed 100,000 Ugandans in the seven years he has held power.}}</ref> hadina 500,000.<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news|last=Keatley|first=Patrick|title=Obituary: Idi Amin|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=18 August 2003|accessdate=18 March 2008|location=London}}</ref>

Katika miaka yake ya kushika serikali Amin alibadilika kutoka uhusiano wa kirafiki na [[nchi za magharibi]] na hasa [[Israeli]] kuhamia upande wa [[Muammar Gaddafi]] wa [[Libya]], [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] wa [[Zaire]], [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] na [[Ujerumani ya Mashariki]].<ref name=libya1>{{cite book|title=Africa Since 1800|author=Roland Anthony Oliver, Anthony Atmore|page=272}}</ref><ref name=ussr1>{{cite book|title=Who influenced whom?|author=Dale C. Tatum|page=177}}</ref><ref name=gdr1>Gareth M. Winrow. ''The Foreign Policy of the GDR in Africa'', p. 141.</ref> Hata hivyo Amin alipata usaidizi wa [[ofisi ya upelelezi ya Marekani CIA]] iliyotuma [[silaha]] na vifaa vingine kwa jeshi lake.<ref>New York Times, Dec. 17, 1986; ''Paper Cites CIA Aid to Amin's Army in 70s''</ref>

Mwaka [[1977]] Amin alivunja [[uhusiano wa kidiplomasia]] na [[Ufalme wa Maungano]] ([[Uingereza]]) akajitangaza kuwa alishinda na kuongezakujiongezea CBEsifa kwenyeya vyeio vyake kwa maanaCBE ("Conqueror of the British Empire"). Kuanzia wakati ule [[cheo]] chake rasmi kilikuwa "His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE".<ref name="guardian_obit" />

Jaribio la Amin la kutwaa sehemu za [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] wa [[Tanzania]] kwenye mwaka [[1978]] lilisababisha [[Vita ya Kagera]] baina ya Tanzania na Uganda na mwisho wa utawala wake. Amin alikimbia kukaa ugenini [[Libya]] na baadaye [[Saudia]] alipoishi hadi [[kifo]] chake mwaka 2003.

Hakuna uhakika juu ya mwaka na mahali alikozaliwa. Amin mwenyewe hakuandika kumbukumbu ya maisha yake wala hakuagiza taarifa rasmi juu ya maisha yake. Vyanzo mbalimbali vinasema ya kwamba alizaliwa mnamo [[1925]] [[Koboko]] au [[Kampala]]. <ref>''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', ''[[Encarta]]'' na ''[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]'' vinasema alizaliwa Koboko au Kampala takriban 1925 na tarehe kamili haijulikani.</ref> Mtafiti Fred Guweddeko amedai Amin alizaliwa 17 Mei 1928,<ref name="monitor_01012004" /> lakini hii imepingwa.<ref name=okadameri>{{cite news|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/ugandanet@kym.net/msg06472.html|title=Separate fact from fiction in Amin stories|work=Originally published in ''[[Daily Monitor|The Monitor]]''|last=O'Kadameri|first=Billie|date=1 September 2003|accessdate=8 May 2010}}</ref> Mwanawe Amin Hussein alisema babake alizaliwa Kampala mwaka 1928.<ref>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Chris|title=Idi Amin's son complains about the Guardian’s obituary notice|date=30 November 2014|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/30/idi-amin-son-complaint-guardian-obituary|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=1 December 2014}}</ref> Kufuatana Fred Guweddeko wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] Idi Amin alikuwa mwana wa Andreas Nyabire (1889–1976). Nyabire aliyekuwa wa kabila ya [[Wakakwa]] alikuwa Mkatoliki aliyehamia [[Uislamu]] mnamo 1910 akibadilisha jina lake kuwa Amin Dada na kumpa mwana wa kwanza jina hili pia. Iddi Amin alilelewa na mamake bila baba kijijini katika Uganda ya Kaskazini-magharibi. Kufuatana na Gudewekko mamake Amin Assa Aatte (1904–1970) alikuwa [[Mlugbara]] aliyetiba watu kwa mitishamba. Amin alisoma miaka kadhaa kwenye shule ya Kiislamu huko [[Bombo, Uganda|Bombo]] kuanzia 1941.

Baada ya miaka michache ya shule na kazi ndogondogo aliajiriwa mwaka [[1946]] na [[afisa]] Mwingereza wa jeshi yala kikoloni [[King's African Rifles]] (KAR).<ref name="monitor_01012004">{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/index.php|title=Rejected then taken in by dad; a timeline|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612053237/http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/index.php|archivedate=12 June 2007|last=Guweddeko|first=Fred|work=[[Daily Monitor|The Monitor]]|date=12 June 2007|accessdate=8 August 2009}}</ref>

Aliingia jeshini huko [[Jinja]] akifanya kazi ya msaidizi [[jiko|jikoni]] akiendelea kupokea mafunzo ya kijeshi.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007180|title=Idi Amin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314142415/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007180/Idi-Amin |archivedate=14 March 2007 |work=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=19 December 2008|accessdate=8 August 2009}}</ref> Baadaye Amin alidai ya kwamba alilazimishwa kuhudumia huko [[Burma]] katika [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].<ref name="guardian_obit" /><ref name=portrait>{{cite video|publisher=Le Figaro Films|title=General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait|year=1974|ISBN=0-7800-2507-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.strategypage.com/on_point/20030820.aspx|title=Why Didn't Amin Rot and Die in Jail?|work=Strategy Page|last=Bay|first=Austin|date=20 August 2003|accessdate=8 August 2009}}</ref> Mwaka [[1947]] alihamishwaalihamishiwa [[Gilgil]], [[Kenya]]. Mwaka [[1949]] alitumwa kaskazini kwa kupigania waasi [[Wasomalia]] huko. Tangu mwaka [[1952]] kikosi chake kilihudhuria katika juhudi za kupambana na wanamigambowanamgambo wa [[Maumau]] karibu na [[Mlima Kenya]].

Aliendela kupanda vyeo vilivyopatikana kwa [[Waafrika]] katika jeshi la KAR na muda mfupi baada ya [[uhuru]] alipewa cheo cha [[luteni]] yaani afisa kamili kama mmoja wa Wauganda wawili. Baada ya uhuru wa Uganda mwaka [[1962]] alikuwa [[kapteni]] halafu mwaka [[1963]] [[meja]]. Mwaka [[1964]] alikuwa makamu wa mkuu na mwaka [[1965]] mkuu wa jeshi, mwaka [[1970]] mkuu wa mikono yote ya kijeshi.<ref name="monitor_01012004" /> In 1970, he was promoted to commander of all the armed forces.<ref name=britishcouncil>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm|title=General Idi Amin overthrows Ugandan government|publisher=British Council|date=2 February 1971|accessdate=8 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225004054/http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm|archive-date=25 February 2007}}</ref>

Amin alipandishwa cheo na [[waziri mkuu]] [[Milton Obote]] baada ya [[uasi wa wanajeshi katika Afrika ya Mashariki wa 1964]] uliokomeshwa na askari Waingereza katika [[Tanganyika]], Kenya na Uganda akawa makamu wa mkuu wa Jeshi aliyekuwa bado Mwingereza. Kutoka hapa alishirikiana na Obote katika hatua za kuimarisha utawala wa waziri mkuu. Wakati [[bunge la Uganda]] ilitakalilitaka utafiti kuhusu mashatkimashtaka ya Obote kushiriki katika [[biashara]] ya siri ya [[pembe za ndovu]] kutoka [[Kongo]] Obote iliamua kubadilisha [[katiba]] na jeshi la Amini lilimfukuza Mkuu wa Dola [[Kabaka Mutesa]] kwa nguvu, halafu Obote alijitangaza kuwa rais. Sasa Amin alikuwa kanali na Mkuu wa Jeshi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html#ug0159 |work=Federal Research Division|publisher=United States Library of Congress|title=Country Studies: Uganda: Independence: The Early Years|accessdate=8 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=bookrags>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/idi-amin-dada|work=Encyclopedia of World Biography|publisher=Thomson Gale|title=Idi Amin Dada Biography|year=2005|accessdate=20 March 2016}}</ref>

Amin alianza kuajiri hasa askari kutoka kaskazini ya Uganda mpakani namwa [[Sudani]].<ref name="Anyanya">{{cite web|url=http://www.kas.org.za/Publications/SeminarReports/PoliticsofIdentityandExclusion/nantulya.pdf#search=%22%22idi%20amin%22%20anyanya%22|title=''Exclusion, Identity and Armed Conflict: A Historical Survey of the Politics of Confrontation in Uganda with Specific Reference to the Independence Era''|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004231023/http://www.kas.org.za/Publications/SeminarReports/PoliticsofIdentityandExclusion/nantulya.pdf|archivedate=4 October 2006|year=2001|last=Nantulya|first=Paul}}</ref>

Mwaka 1970 Obote aliendelea kumpa Amin cheo cha mkuu wa mikono yote ya jeshi na ulinzi. Lakini Amin alisikia pia ya kwamba kulikuwa na mashtakimashtaka dhidi yake kutokana na matumizi ya makisio ya jeshi na mipango ya Obote kumfanyia utafiti. Hapo Amin alitumia nafasi ya safari ya Obote kwenda nje kwa kuhudhuria kwenye mkutano wa [[Jumuiya ya Madola]], akatwaa [[mamlaka]] ya serikali tarehe 25 Januari 1971.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070225004054/http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm "General Idi Amin overthrows Ugandan government"]. British Council. 2 February 1971. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2009.</ref>