Anwar Sadat : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
Content deleted Content added
dNo edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Mstari 1:
[[Picha:Anwar Sadat cropped.jpg|thumb|Anwar Sadat]]
'''Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat''' (kwa {{lang-ar|محمد أنور السادات}}
Sadat alikuwa mwanachama mwandamizi wa [[Harakati ya Maafisa Huru]] [[Mapinduzi|iliyompindua]] [[Farouk I|Mfalme Farouk]] wa [[Misri]] katika mapinduzi ya mwaka [[1952]]. Baadaye alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa [[rais]] [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] akihudumia mara [[mbili]] kama makamu wake, halafu baada ya [[kifo]] cha Nasser alichukua nafasi yake mwaka 1970.
Katika kipindi cha miaka 11 alipotawala alibadilisha mwelekeo wa taifa. Aliachanana na misingi mingi ya kisiasa na kiuchumi ya mfumo wa Nasser. Alianzisha mfumo wa vyama vingi na kufungua uchumi kwa makampuni ya binafsi. Aliondoa Misri katika ushirikiano na Umoja wa Kisovyeti na kurudisha wasaidizi Warusi kwao. ▼
▲Katika kipindi cha miaka 11 alipotawala alibadilisha mwelekeo wa [[taifa]].
1973 aliongoza Misri katika [[Vita ya Yom Kippur]] dhidi Israeli akafaulu kurudisha rasi ya Sinai kutoka utawala wa Israeli. Kufaulu hapo alimfanya shujaa wa taifa akatumia heshima hii kwa majadiliano na Israeli na mkataba wa amani ya mwaka kati ya Misri na Israel. 1977 Sadat alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa nchi ya Kiarabu aliyefika mwenyewe nchini Israel na kuhutubia bunge la [[Knesset]]. Mwaka 1979 alifikia mkataba wa amani na Israeli. Mkataba huu ulileta kwake [[tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]] pamoja na [[Menachim Begin]] wa Israel. Hapo Sadat alikuwa Mwislamu wa kwanza wa kupokea [[tuzo ya Nobel]] yoyote.▼
▲Mwaka [[1973]] aliongoza Misri katika [[Vita ya Yom Kippur]] dhidi ya [[Israeli]] akafaulu kurudisha [[rasi ya Sinai]] kutoka [[utawala]] wa Israeli. Kufaulu hapo
Ingawa Wamisri wengi walikubali mkataba wa amani hasa kwa sababu ulirudisha Sinai kwa Misri wengine walisikitika hasa [[Jumuiya ya Ikhwan Muslimin]] waliokataa kabisa. Pia nchi nyingine za Kiarabu zinazounganishwa katika [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]] -isipokuwa Sudan- zilikataa mkataba huu wa amani zikatenga Misri katika jumuiya hii hadi 1989. Sababu ilikuwa ya kwamba mkata huu haukutaja swali la dola au nchi kwa Wapalestina waliokuwa wakimbizi tangu kufukuzwa kwao wakati wa kuundwa kwa Israel 1948. ▼
Mwaka [[1979]] alifikia mkataba wa amani na Israeli. [[Mkataba]] huu ulimletea [[tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]] pamoja na [[Menachim Begin]] wa Israel. Hapo Sadat alikuwa [[Mwislamu]] wa kwanza kupokea [[tuzo ya Nobel]] yoyote.
▲Ingawa Wamisri wengi walikubali mkataba wa amani, hasa kwa sababu ulirudisha Sinai kwa Misri, wengine walisikitika, hasa [[Jumuiya ya Ikhwan Muslimin]] waliokataa kabisa. Pia nchi nyingine za Kiarabu zinazounganishwa katika [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]] -isipokuwa [[Sudan]]- zilikataa mkataba
Mkataba wa amani ulikuwa pia sababu ya kwamba kundi la wanajeshi wenye uhusiano na Ikhwan Muslimin walimwua Sadat tarehe 6 Oktoba 1981.
Aliyemfuata madarakani alikuwa makamu wake, [[Hosni Mubarak]].
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist|30em}}
==
* {{cite book|authorlink=Yehuda Avner|last=Avner|first=Yehuda|title=The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership|publisher=The Toby Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59264-278-6}}▼
* {{cite book|authorlink=Paul Eidelberg|last=Eidelberg|first=Paul|title=Sadat's Strategy|location=Dollard des Ormeaux|publisher=Dawn Books|year=1979|isbn=0-9690001-0-3}}▼
* {{cite book|last=Haykal|first=Muhammad Hasanayn|title=Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat|publisher=Wm Collins & Sons & Co|year=1982|isbn=0-394-53136-1}}▼
* {{cite book|first=Harry|last=Hurwitz|first2=Yisrael|last2=Medad|title=Peace in the Making|publisher=[[Gefen Publishing House]]|year=2010|isbn=978-965-229-456-2}}▼
* {{cite book|last=Meital|first=Yoram|title=Egypt's Struggle for Peace: Continuity and Change, 1967–1971|location=Gainesville|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=1997|isbn=0-8130-1533-2}}▼
* {{cite book|authorlink=John Waterbury|last=Waterbury|first=John|title=The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes|location=|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|edition=Limited|year=1983|isbn=0-691-07650-2}}▼
* {{cite book|authorlink=Lawrence Wright|last=Wright|first=Lawrence|title=[[The Looming Tower|The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11]]|location=New York|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]|year=2006|isbn=0-375-41486-X}}▼
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Anwar Sadat}}
{{Wikiquote}}
Line 25 ⟶ 37:
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/32684a.htm ''Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom - March 26, 1984'']
*{{IMDb name|0755427}}
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n79-68664}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwQL3N57TQE Video of Sadat's assassination]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060322184036/http://www.angelfire.com/art3/eg05/killingSadat.htm Free Egyptians Point of View About Sadat's Assassination] {{ar icon}} {{en icon}} (Internet Archive)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwwYARiWon0 Sadat Movie (Produced in 1983) - Banned from the Middle East because of some historical mistakes.]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1981]]
▲* {{cite book|authorlink=Yehuda Avner|last=Avner|first=Yehuda|title=The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership|publisher=The Toby Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59264-278-6}}
▲* {{cite book|authorlink=Paul Eidelberg|last=Eidelberg|first=Paul|title=Sadat's Strategy|location=Dollard des Ormeaux|publisher=Dawn Books|year=1979|isbn=0-9690001-0-3}}
▲* {{cite book|last=Haykal|first=Muhammad Hasanayn|title=Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat|publisher=Wm Collins & Sons & Co|year=1982|isbn=0-394-53136-1}}
▲* {{cite book|first=Harry|last=Hurwitz|first2=Yisrael|last2=Medad|title=Peace in the Making|publisher=[[Gefen Publishing House]]|year=2010|isbn=978-965-229-456-2}}
▲* {{cite book|last=Meital|first=Yoram|title=Egypt's Struggle for Peace: Continuity and Change, 1967–1971|location=Gainesville|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=1997|isbn=0-8130-1533-2}}
▲* {{cite book|authorlink=John Waterbury|last=Waterbury|first=John|title=The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes|location=|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|edition=Limited|year=1983|isbn=0-691-07650-2}}
▲* {{cite book|authorlink=Lawrence Wright|last=Wright|first=Lawrence|title=[[The Looming Tower|The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11]]|location=New York|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]|year=2006|isbn=0-375-41486-X}}
[[Jamii:Marais wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]]
|