Karolo Nyundo
Karolo Nyundo (kwa Kifaransa: Charles Martel; 688 hivi[2] – 22 Oktoba 741) alikuwa waziri mkuu na jemadari[3] wa ufalme wa Wafaranki na alitawala tangu mwaka 718 hadi kifo chake.[4][5][6]
Mtoto wa Pepin wa Herstal na Alpaida[7], akawa baba wa Pepin Mfupi na babu wa Karolo Mkuu walioendeleza juhudi zake hadi kuunda upya Dola la Roma Magharibi[8].
Ni maarufu hasa kwa ushindi wake katika mapigano ya Tours na Poitiers tarehe 10 Oktoba 732 dhidi ya Waarabu waliovamia Ufaransa.
Tanbihi hariri
- ↑ This sculpture was located in the Palace of Versailles. By Debaye, pere, sculpted marble, 1839, first displayed at the Salon in 1839. Height 2.09 m. Soulié (1855), op. cit.
- ↑ Paul Fouracre, The Age of Charles Martel, (Routledge, 2000), ix.
- ↑ Late Merovingian France : history and hagiography, 640-720. Fouracre, Paul., Gerberding, Richard A. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1996. uk. 93. ISBN 0719047900. OCLC 32699266.
- ↑ Schulman, Jana K. (2002). The Rise of the Medieval World, 500–1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. uk. 101. ISBN 0-313-30817-9.
- ↑ Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Military Commanders: The 100 Greatest Throughout History. Enchanted Lion Books. ku. 52–53. ISBN 1-59270-029-2.
- ↑ Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A. (1995). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ku. 205–206. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4.
- ↑ Commire, Anne, mhariri (2002). "Alphaida (c. 654–c. 714)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. ISBN 0-7876-4074-3. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-09-24. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-10-05. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url-access=ignored (help) - ↑ Fouracre, Paul (2000) The Age of Charles Martel, London, GBR: Longman, see ISBN 0-582-06475-9, see [1], accessed 2 August 2015.
Viungo vya nje hariri
Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
- Ian Meadows, "The Arabs in Occitania": A sketch giving the context of the conflict from the Arab point of view.
- http://www.standin.se/fifteen07a.htm Poke's edition of Creasy's "15 Most Important Battles Ever Fought According to Edward Shepherd Creasy" Chapter VII. The Battle of Tours, A.D. 732.
- Richard Hooker, "Civil War and the Umayyads"
- "Leaders and Battles Database"
- 'The Battle of Tours', BBC Radio 4 In Our Time (2014)
- Robert W. Martin, "The Battle of Tours is still felt today", from About.com
- Medieval Sourcebook: Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732 Archived 11 Oktoba 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732: Three Accounts Archived 11 Oktoba 2014 at the Wayback Machine. from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
- Medieval Sourcebook: Gregory II to Charles Martel, 739 Archived 29 Aprili 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Medieval Lands Project
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Makala hii kuhusu mwanasiasa fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Karolo Nyundo kama wasifu wake, habari za maisha au kazi yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |