Sheng

Sheng ni lugha ya mitaani nchini Kenya inayochanganya Kiswahili na Kiingereza pamoja na lugha mbalimbali za kienyeji kama vile Kikikuyu, Kijaluo n.k. Sanasana hutumiwa na vijana katika mji wa Nairobi. Hata hivyo lugha hii inasambaa katika sehemu mbalimbali za Kenya na watu wa matabaka mbalimbali wanaitumia. Sheng inatumiwa kwenye mabasi, redio, muziki, na hata wakati mwingine kwenye bunge la Kenya.

Sheng

Sheng ilianza kutumika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970 katika kitongoji cha Eastlands katika jiji la Nairobi. Wanamuziki, hasa wa mtindo wa "rap" wamefanya lugha hii kujulikana na kuanza kukubalika. Wanamuziki kama vile Kalamashaka jua kali na Nonini wamekuwa wakiitumia sana kwenye nyimbo zao.

Ingawa misamiati mingi, muundo, na kanuni za Sheng zinatoka kwenye lugha ya Kiswahili, Sheng inatumia maneno ya Kiingereza na pia lugha za makabila nchini Kenya. Ingawa kuna watu wengi wanaoipenda na kuitetea Sheng, wako wengine, wakiwemo walimu wa lugha shuleni na vyuoni, wanaoipinga kwa maelezo kuwa inaharibu lugha ya Kiswahili na pia inahatarisha uwezo wa watoto na vijana kumudu Kiingereza na Kiswahili sanifu.

Baadhi ya maneno ya Sheng

• manzi, slay queen mshi, dame, chikidee, chile, chick, mradi, mresh, msupa = msichana
• fiti!, fiti sana! = mzuri, okay
• Kanairo = Nairobi
• sasa = habari yako (ya sasa, ya saa hizi)
• chali, mhi, kijanaa, aguy, jamaa = mvulana
• kitu zii sana = kitu kibaya
• kucheki = kuangalia
• kuenda tao = kuenda mjini
• kukatia = kumwambia unayempenda maneno matamu ("flirting")
• kujiskia, kufeel fly/poa, kuji-do (do = fanya) = kuwa na maringo
• kupata ball = kupata mimba
• kugonga wall, kugonga mawe = kujaribu kumwongelesha msichana lakini hataki kujihusisha nawe
• kulapa mtu = kujidai kuwa humwoni mtu
• tia ritho = kuangalia (literally: put to the eye); katika Kikuyu, jina 'ritho' lamaanisha 'jicho'.
• kushona = kupata mimba. Mfano: Dame ameshona
• kuchill = hali ya kutofanya mapenzi kabla ya ndoa
• kusota = hali ya kuwa bila pesa ama hela (being broke)
• kuhanya = kufanya mapenzi holelaholela
• keroro, kamunyueso = mvinyo, pombe
• kugotea = kusalimia
• kuwa gauge = hali ya kuwa mlevi
• mahaga = sehemu ya nyuma ya msichana, matako
• ndae = gari
• kutia ndani, kuishi = kula
• kupewa = kunywa pombe
• Karao, Daewoo, = polisi (Daewoo kutoka jina la gari linalotumiwa na polisi nchini Kenya)
• mchoro = mpangilio wa kufanya kitu (plan)
• mgondi = jambazi (thug)
• juala, CD = kondomu
• kutia zii = kuachana na kitu ambacho unafanya
• kula vako = kuamini uwongo. Mfano: Alikula vako eti dame yangu ni mlami (He/she believed that I have a white girlfriend)
• veve = miraa
• kindugulu = bangi
• quarantei = karantini
• kujiaisolet= hali ya kuwa peke yako/kujitenga
• kuwa single = bila mke
• chapa na tarimbo/kemba/nyandua = kujamiana kimapenzi
• radha/ngori = shida
• risto = hadithi nichapie risto
• vajoo = bikra
• kamunyueso/wain =pombe
• bazenga = mtaalamu mi ni bazenga wa kucheza bukla
• motino/dogi = mbwa
• fwaka, fegi = sigara
• mushogi = gari la aina ya matatu
• kristi = mnunuaji
• njege, sange, mabeast = polisi
• yeng' = mwanamke
• chums, dooh, weng' = pesa
• sooh = shilingi mia moja
• finje = hamsini
• ashu = kumi
• mbao =ishirini
• kutypa = kumbuka
• bazu = mheshimiwa
• kuchum, kukis = kubusu
• Sa Good = Mungu
• mosmos = polepole
• chapchap = harakaharaka
• Njege = polisi

Marejeo

• Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. and Ken Osinde. 1997. Sheng and Engsh: development of mixed codes among the urban youth in Kenya. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 125 (Sociolinguistic Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa), pp. 45–63.
• Bosire, Mokaya. 2006. Hybrid languages: The case of Sheng. Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. Olaoba F. Arasanyin and Michael A. Pemberton, 185-193. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
• Fee, D., & Moga, J. 1997. Sheng dictionary.Third edition. Nairobi: Ginseng Publishers.
• Githinji, Peter. 2005. Sheng and variation: The construction and negotiation of layered identities. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
• Githinji, Peter. 2006. Bazes and Their Shibboleths: Lexical Variation and Sheng Speakers’ Identity in Nairobi. Nordic Journal of African Studies 15(4): 443–472.
• Githiora, Chege. 2002. Sheng: peer language, Swahili dialect or emerging Creole? Journal of African Cultural Studies Volume 15, Number 2, pp. 159–181.
• Kang’ethe, Iraki. 2004. Cognitive Efficiency: The Sheng phenomenon in Kenya. Pragmatics 14(1): 55–68.
• Kießling, Roland & Maarten Mous. 2004. Urban Youth Languages in Africa. Anthropological Linguistics 46(3): 303-341
• Mazrui, Alamin. 1995. Slang and Codeswitching: The case of Sheng in Kenya. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42: 168–179.
• Ogechi, Nathan Oyori. 2002. Trilingual Codeswitching in Kenya – Evidence from Ekegusii, Kiswahili, English and Sheng. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Hamburg.
• Ogechi, Nathan. 2005. On Lexicalization in Sheng. Nordic Journal of African Studies 14(3): 334–355.
• Samper, David. 2002. Talking Sheng: The role of a Hybrid Language in the Construction of Identity and Youth Culture in Nairobi Kenya. PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
• Spyropoulos, Mary. 1987. Sheng: some preliminary investigations into a recently emerged Nairobi street language. Journal of the Anthropological Society 18 (1): 125-136.

Viungo vya nje

• Dikshonari ya sheng Archived 1 Machi 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Tupitie ucheki ma words za sheng za tene na zile nira
• Tasnifu kuhusu Sheng Archived 10 Aprili 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Talking Sheng: The role of a hybrid language in the construction of identity and youth culture in Nairobi, Kenya.
• Kamusi ya Sheng/Kiingereza, Kiingereza/Sheng
• Blogu ya Sheng Archived 5 Machi 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Bloki ya Osporne

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya lugha bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Sheng kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.