Marguerite Champendal
Marguerite Champendal (1870-1928) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Geneva kupata shahada yake ya udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Geneva (1900). Alianzisha kituo cha kusambaza maziwa ya pasteurized kwa watoto wachanga, pamoja na shule ya uuguzi iliyosifika.[1]
Wasifu
haririChampendal alizaliwa tarehe 2 Juni 1870 katika kitongoji cha Petit-Saconnex huko Geneva, Uswizi. Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu wa mchungaji Jacques Henri Samuel Champendal na Christine Elisabeth Roch. [2]
Alifundisha huko Paris na Berlin, na kisha, alianza masomo ya matibabu huko Geneva. Mnamo 1900, akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka jiji hilo kupata shahada ya udaktari katika 1900.[3] (Wakati wanawake wengine 34 pia walipata shahada ya udaktari kwa wakati mmoja, hakuna hata mmoja kutoka jiji la Geneva.) Tasnifu yake ya udaktari iliitwa, Des varices congénitales (Congenital varicose veins).[2]
Huko Geneva, aliishi wakati mmoja na Dk. Henriette Saloz-Joudra (1855-1928), ambaye alipata digrii yake ya matibabu mnamo 1883 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Geneva na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kufungua matibabu yake ya kibinafsi katika jiji hilo.[4]
Mazoezi ya matibabu
haririBaada ya kuhitimu, alifanya kazi katika wilaya maarufu za jiji hilo.[5]
Kulingana na kile alichokiona wakati wa ziara ya awali huko Paris, mradi wa Daktari Gaston Variot unaoitwa Kushuka kwa Maziwa (La Goutte de Lait),[6] Champendal aliunda kituo chake mwenyewe huko Geneva (kwa jina sawa) mnamo 1901. Huko alipanga ugawaji wa maziwa ya pasteurized kwa watoto wachanga na vilevile huduma za mashauriano ili kuwasaidia akina mama wenye watoto wachanga.[7] Ili kuwasaidia zaidi akina mama, mnamo 1916, alichapisha Mwongozo Mdogo wa Akina Mama wenye mwongozo kwa wanawake walio na watoto.[8][7]
Mnamo 1905, akiwa tayari ametumia mwaka mmoja na nusu kuwahudumia wanawake wanaojifungua, alianzisha shule ya uuguzi, Le Bon Secours.[9] Aliongoza shule hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1928. Champendal anakumbukwa kama "mwanamke mwenye maono na wa kisasa."[10][11]
Alikuwa daktari wa kujitegemea katika shule ya matibabu kuanzia 1913 hadi 1919.[12][13]
Mnamo 1918, Champendal alipata hadhi ya kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Geneva, mwanamke wa kwanza kufanya hivyo.[14]
Kifo
haririDk. Champendal alifariki tarehe 25 Oktoba 1928 huko Geneva akiwa na umri wa miaka 58, kutokana na mshtuko wa moyo.[15]
Heshima
haririHuko Geneva, mtaa una jina lake, Chemin Doctoresse Champendal.[16]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.
- ↑ Hériché Pradeau, Sandrine (2020), "Mémoire", Les inscriptions romanesques dans la prose arthurienne du XIIIe au XVe siècle, Éditions universitaires de Dijon, ku. 127–179, ISBN 978-2-36441-355-9, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-03-13
- ↑ "L'Association des Françaises Diplômées des Universités. Affiliée à la Fédération internationale Femmes diplômées des Universités". Femmes Diplômées. 43 (1): 42–43. 1962. doi:10.3406/femdi.1962.1665. ISSN 0430-3024.
- ↑ Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.
- ↑ Simon, Elizabeth B. (2010-10). "The Evolution of a Nontraditional Nursing Curriculum in Switzerland". Journal of Nursing Education (kwa Kiingereza). 49 (10): 545–549. doi:10.3928/01484834-20100524-07. ISSN 0148-4834.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 "L'Association des Françaises Diplômées des Universités. Affiliée à la Fédération internationale Femmes diplômées des Universités". Femmes Diplômées. 43 (1): 42–43. 1962. doi:10.3406/femdi.1962.1665. ISSN 0430-3024.
- ↑ Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.
- ↑ Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.
- ↑ Major, Jon J.; Scott, William E.; Driedger, Carolyn; Dzurisin, Dan (2005). "Mount St. Helens erupts again: Activity from September 2004 through March 2005". Fact Sheet. doi:10.3133/fs20053036. ISSN 2327-6932.
- ↑ Dreifuss, Jean Jacques (1991-11-25). "Les premières étudiantes à la Faculté de médecine et leurs activités professionnelles à Genève". Gesnerus. 48 (3–4): 429–438. doi:10.1163/22977953-0480304015. ISSN 0016-9161.
- ↑ "L'Association des Françaises Diplômées des Universités. Affiliée à la Fédération internationale Femmes diplômées des Universités". Femmes Diplômées. 43 (1): 42–43. 1962. doi:10.3406/femdi.1962.1665. ISSN 0430-3024.
- ↑ "L'Association des Françaises Diplômées des Universités. Affiliée à la Fédération internationale Femmes diplômées des Universités". Femmes Diplômées. 43 (1): 42–43. 1962. doi:10.3406/femdi.1962.1665. ISSN 0430-3024.
- ↑ Dreifuss, Jean Jacques (1991-11-25). "Les premières étudiantes à la Faculté de médecine et leurs activités professionnelles à Genève". Gesnerus. 48 (3–4): 429–438. doi:10.1163/22977953-0480304015. ISSN 0016-9161.
- ↑ Simon, Elizabeth B. (2010-10). "The Evolution of a Nontraditional Nursing Curriculum in Switzerland". Journal of Nursing Education (kwa Kiingereza). 49 (10): 545–549. doi:10.3928/01484834-20100524-07. ISSN 0148-4834.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Finn, Thomas P. (2022). "Women, Clergy, and Confession in Marguerite De Navarre's Heptaméron". Women in French Studies. 30 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1353/wfs.2022.0002. ISSN 2166-5486.