Mapatano ya msingi ya UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi

Mapatano ya msingi ya UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (en:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, kifupi: UNFCCC) ni mapatano ya kimataifa yaliyoanzishwa mwaka 1993. Yanalenga kupunguza kupanda kwa halijoto duniani. Njia kuu ni kuzuia ongezeko la gesi ya dioksidi kabonia

Nchi wanachama ya Mapatano ya msingi ya UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi.

Nchi 194 zilipatana kuchukua hatua za kupunguza hatari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi. Nchi wanachama hukutana kila mwaka kujadiliana na kupatana kuhusu hatua maalumu za kufikia shabaha hizo.

Matokeo ya mikutano hii ni Miniti za Kyoto na Mapatano ya Paris kuhusu Tabianchi ambako nchi ziliahidiana kuchukua hatua maalum ya kupakana kupanda kwa halijoto duniani kwa kiwango chini ya sentigredi mbili kulingana na wakati kabla ya mapinduzi ya viwandani (karne ya 19).

Marejeo

• Andrew Allan; Marton Kruppa (10 Desemba 2012), "Belarus negotiator hints at Kyoto exit, says others could follow", REUTERS, Reuters, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-01-11, iliwekwa mnamo 2012-12-18 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• COP (14 Machi 2008), Report of the Conference of the Parties (COP) on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007. Addendum. Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its thirteenth session, Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Office{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Reference: FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.
• COP (30 Machi 2010), FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009. Addendum. Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its fifteenth session (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• COP (15 Machi 2011), FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties (COP) on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth session, Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• COP (15 Machi 2012), FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session, Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• COP (28 Februari 2013), FCCC/CP/2012/8/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties on its eighteenth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its eighteenth session. (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• Figueres, C. (15 Desemba 2012), "Environmental issues: Time to abandon blame-games and become proactive - Economic Times", The Economic Times / Indiatimes.com, Times Internet, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-07-04, iliwekwa mnamo 2012-12-18{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• IPCC SAR WG3 (1996), Bruce, J. P.; Lee, H.; Haites, E. F. (whr.), Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change (PDF), Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Second Assessment Report (SAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-56051-9, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2017-10-11, iliwekwa mnamo 2018-07-21 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (pb: 0-521-56854-4)
• IPCC AR4 WG3 (2007), Metz, B.; Davidson, O. R.; Bosch, P. R.; Dave, R.; Meyer, L. A. (whr.), Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88011-4, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 12 Oktoba 2014 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (pb: 978-0-521-70598-1). Archived .

• IPCC AR4 SYR (2007), Core Writing Team; Pachauri, R.K; Reisinger, A. (whr.), Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, ISBN 92-9169-122-4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link).

• IPCC AR5 WG2 A (2014), Field, C.B.; na wenz. (whr.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II (WG2) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Aprili 2014 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link). Archived

• IPCC AR5 WG3 (2014), Edenhofer, O.; na wenz. (whr.), Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 29 Oktoba 2014 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link). Archived

• King, D.; na wenz. (Julai 2011), International climate change negotiations: Key lessons and next steps, Oxford, UK: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, doi:10.4210/ssee.pbs.2011.0003, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 1 Agosti 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) PDF version is also available
• UNFCCC (25 Februari 2011a), Information provided by Annex I Parties relating to Appendix I of the Copenhagen Accord (quantified economy-wide emissions targets for 2020), UNFCCC {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link).
• UNFCCC (18 Machi 2011b), FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF.1: Compilation of information on nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented by Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• UNFCCC (7 Juni 2011c), FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1: Compilation of economy-wide emission reduction targets to be implemented by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention. Revised note by the secretariat (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• UNFCCC (16 Mei 2012a), Meetings: Copenhagen Climate Change Conference - December 2009, UNFCCC {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link).
• UNFCCC (21 Mei 2012b), Information provided by non-Annex I Parties relating to Appendix II of the Copenhagen Accord (nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing country Parties), UNFCCC {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link).
• UNFCCC (23 Agosti 2012c), FCCC/TP/2012/5: Quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets by developed country Parties to the Convention: assumptions, conditions, commonalities and differences in approaches and comparison of the level of emission reduction efforts. Technical paper (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• UNFCCC (18 Februari 2013a), FOCUS: Mitigation - Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions by developed country Parties, UNFCCC {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• UNFCCC (28 Mei 2013b), FCCC/SBI/2013/INF.12/Rev.2: Compilation of information on nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented by developing country Parties. Revised note by the secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Library record.
• UNFCCC (1 Julai 2013c), FOCUS: Mitigation - NAMAs, Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, UNFCCC {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• United Nations (9 Mei 1992), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 4 Aprili 2005 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• US NRC (2011), Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia. A report by the US National Research Council (US NRC), Washington, D.C., USA: National Academies Press, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 27 Machi 2014 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• van Vuuren, D.P.; na wenz. (7 Desemba 2009), Meeting the 2 degree target. From climate objective to emission reduction measures. PBL publication number 500114012 (PDF), Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL)), ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2 Novemba 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). Archived (archived 21 August 2014).

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Mapatano ya msingi ya UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi

• UNFCCC Newsroom
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• Ratifications
• Earth Negotiations Bulletin Archived 9 Januari 2017 at the Wayback Machine.: detailed summaries of all COPs and SBs
• Road to Doha, a project following COP18 in Qatar by Carboun
• Conference of Parties (COP) Archived 12 Oktoba 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• Introductory note by Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, procedural history note and audiovisual material Archived 17 Oktoba 2013 at the Wayback Machine. on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
• Text of the UNFCCC