Ugonjwa wa ovari wa Polycysti
Ugonjwa wa ovari wa Polycysti (PCOS) ni aina mbili za dalili zinazoambatana na ongezeko la androjeni (homoni za kiume) kwa wanawake. [6] [12] Ishara na dalili za PCOS ni pamoja na hedhi isiyo ya kawaida au kutokuwepo kwa hedhi kabisa, hedhi nzito, nywele za ziada kwenye mwili na usoni, chunusi, maumivu ya nyonga, ugumu wa kupata mimba, na mabaka manene, meusi na yenye rangi nyororo . [1] Hali kama za kisukari cha aina ya 2, kunenepa kupita kiasi, apnea ya kuzuia usingizi, ugonjwa wa moyo, matatizo ya kihisia, na saratani ya endometrial . [6]
| Ugonjwa wa ovari wa Polycysti | |
|---|---|
| Mwainisho na taarifa za nje | |
 | |
| Kundi Maalumu | Elimu ya Magonjwa ya Wanawake |
| Dalili | Visivyo na mpangilio vipindi vya hedhis, hedhi nzito, nywele kuzidi, chunusi, maumivu ya nyonga, ugumu kushindwa kushika mimba, mabaka manene, nyeusi, ngozi nyororo[1] |
| Muda | Muda mrefu[2] |
| Visababishi | Sababu za Kijenetiki na kimazingira[3][4] |
| Sababu za hatari | Unene kupitiliza, kutofanya mazoezi ya kutosha, historia ya familia[5] |
| Njia ya kuitambua hali hii | Kulingana kama hakuna upevukaji wa yai, wingi androjeni kiwango, vimbe za ovari[6] |
| Utambuzi tofauti | Adrenal hyperplasia, hipothairodizimu, kiwango kingi cha prolactini katika damu[7] |
| Matibabu | Kupungua uzito, mazoezi[8][9] |
| Dawa | Vidonge vya Kudhibiti uzazi, metformin, kinga za androjenis[10] |
| Idadi ya utokeaji wake | 2% to 20% umri wa wanawake wa kuzaa watoto[5][11] |
PCOS inasababishwa na muunganiko wa hali za kijenetiki na kimazingira. [3] [4] [13] Sababu hatarishi ni pamoja na uzito uliopita kiasi, ukosefu wa mazoezi ya mwili, na historia ya kifamilia ya mtu mwenye hali hiyo. [5] Utambuzi unategemea iwapo mambo mawili yatapatikana kati ya haya matatu yafuatayo: kama hakuna ukomavu wa yai, viwango vya juu vya androjeni, na uvimbe mwingi kwenye ovari . [6] Uvimbe unaweza kugunduliwa kwa njia ya ultrasound. [7] Hali zingine zinazozalisha dalili zinazofanana na hizo ni pamoja na adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, na viwango vya juu vya homoni ya prolaktini katika damu . [7]
Kufikia mwaka wa 2020 PCOS haikuwa na tiba. [2] Matibabu yanaweza kujumuisha mabadiliko ya mtindo wa maisha kama vile kupunguza uzito na kufanya mazoezi. [8] [9] Tembe za kuzuia upataji mimba zinaweza kusaidia kuboresha hali ya hedhi, uotaji wa nywele nyingi na chunusi. [10] Dawa ya Metformin (inayopunguza kiwango cha sukari) na kinga za androjeni
pia zinaweza kusaidia. [10] Matibabu mengine ya kawaida ya chunusi na mbinu za uondoaji wa nywele zinaweza kutumika. [10] Juhudi za kuboresha uwezo wa kushika mimba ni pamoja na kupunguza uzito, clomiphene, au metformin. [14] Njia ya upandikizaji wa yai la mwanamke na mbegu ya mwanaume nje ya mfuko wa uzazi hutumiwa na wengine ambao njia zingine hazijazaa matunda. [14]
PCOS ni ugonjwa wa endokrini unaowapata wanawake wenye umri wa miaka kati ya 18 na 44. [15] Huathiri takribani 2% hadi 20% ya rika hili kama inavyofafanuliwa. [5] [11] Mtu anapokuwa tasa kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa ukomavu wa yai, PCOS hutajwa kuwa ndicho kisababishi kikuu. [6] Maelezo ya mwanzoni kabisa ya kile kinachotambulika sasa kama PCOS, yalitolewa mnamo mwaka wa 1721 nchini Italia. [16]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "What are the symptoms of PCOS?". National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (05/23/2013) mnamo 3 Machi 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Is there a cure for PCOS?". US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. 2013-05-23. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 5 Aprili 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, Massaro MG, Morgante G, Petraglia F (2016). "Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (Review). 14 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x. PMC 4947298. PMID 27423183.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kandarakis H (2006). "The role of genes and environment in the etiology of PCOS". Endocrine. 30 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1385/ENDO:30:1:19. PMID 17185788.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "How many people are affected or at risk for PCOS?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2013-05-23. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 4 Machi 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Condition Information". National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Januari 31, 2017. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 22 Oktoba 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 Novemba 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "How do health care providers diagnose PCOS?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2013-05-23. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2 Aprili 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mortada R, Williams T (2015). "Metabolic Syndrome: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". FP Essentials (Review). 435: 30–42. PMID 26280343.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Giallauria F, Palomba S, Vigorito C, Tafuri MG, Colao A, Lombardi G, Orio F (2009). "Androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of exercise and diet". Seminars in Reproductive Medicine (Review). 27 (4): 306–15. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225258. PMID 19530064.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2014-07-14). "Treatments to Relieve Symptoms of PCOS". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2 Aprili 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 editor, Lubna Pal (2013). "Diagnostic Criteria and Epidemiology of PCOS". Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Current and Emerging Concepts. Dordrecht: Springer. uk. 7. ISBN 9781461483946. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-10.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) fact sheet". Women's Health. Desemba 23, 2014. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 12 Agosti 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 Agosti 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Dumesic DA, Oberfield SE, Stener-Victorin E, Marshall JC, Laven JS, Legro RS (2015). "Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". Endocrine Reviews (Review). 36 (5): 487–525. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1018. PMC 4591526. PMID 26426951.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2014-07-14). "Treatments for Infertility Resulting from PCOS". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2 Aprili 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L (2010). "Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan". BMC Med. 8 (1): 41. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-41. PMC 2909929. PMID 20591140.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ Kovacs, Gabor T.; Norman, Robert (2007-02-22). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cambridge University Press. uk. 4. ISBN 9781139462037. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Juni 2013. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)