Papa Callixtus I
(Elekezwa kutoka Papa Kalisti I)
Papa Callixtus I alikuwa Papa kuanzia takriban 218 hadi kifodini chake takriban 222[1].
Alimfuata Papa Zefirino akafuatwa na Papa Urbano I.
Aliwahi kuwa mtumwa[2], lakini mwaka 199 Papa Zefirino alimfanya shemasi na mshauri wake mkuu.
Kisha kuchaguliwa kuwa Papa, kwa upole wake alifaulu kuvuta wafuasi wa uzushi na mafarakano mbalimbali, akifundisha kwamba Kanisa lina mamlaka ya kusamehe dhambi zote. [3][4] Kutokana na msimamo huo, inasemekana waliokuwa wakali zaidi walimchagua Hipoliti wa Roma kama antipapa wa kwanza.[5]
Tazama pia hariri
Tanbihi hariri
- ↑ https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father.index.html#holy-father
- ↑ Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Callistus I". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. uk. 240. ISBN 978-971-91595-4-4.
- ↑ Pagels, Elaine (1979). The Gnostic Gospels. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. uk. 108.
- ↑ Hippolytus. Refutation of all heresies. Book 9 Ch. 7.
- ↑ "Saint Hippolytus of Rome". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ Martyrologium Romanum: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum, Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107
Maandishi yake hariri
Marejeo hariri
- J.N.D. Kelly, Oxford Dictionary of the Popes, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, 2006), 13-4.
- András Handl (2014). Bishop Callistus I. of Rome (217?−222?): A Martyr or a Confessor? In Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum/Journal of Ancient Christianity 18, p. 390-419.
- András Handl (2021). From Slave to Bishop. Callixtus’ Early Ecclesial Career and Mechanisms of Clerical Promotion. In Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum/Journal of Ancient Christianity 21, p. 53-73. (Open access).
Viungo vya nje hariri
Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
- Kuhusu Papa Callixtus I katika Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki
- St. Calixtus, or Callistus, Pope, Martyr Archived 30 Aprili 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- St. Callistus I
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