Skoliosisi ni hali ya kimatibabu ambapo uti wa mgongo wa mtu una mkunjo unaojipinda upande wa nje.[2] Mkunjo huo kwa kawaida huwa na umbo la herufi "S" au "C" katika viwango vitatu.[2] [6] Katika viwango vingine, kiwango cha mkunjo huwa haubadiliki, ilhali kwa vingine, huongezeka kadri muda unavyosonga.[3] Skoliosisi ya kiwango kidogo kwa kawaida haisababishi matatizo yoyote, lakini katika hali ambapo ni kali inaweza kutatiza hali ya upumuaji.[3] [7] Kwa kawaida, hakuna maumivu.[8]

Skoliosisi
Mwainisho na taarifa za nje
Matamshi
Kundi MaalumuMagonjwa ya mifupa
DaliliMkunjo wa kando wa uti wa mgongo[2]
Muda wa kawaida wa kuanza kwakeUmri wa kati ya miaka10–20[2]
VisababishiKwa kawaida havijulikani[3]
Sababu za hatariHistoria ya familia, ugonjwa wa kupooza ubongo, Ugonjwa wa Marfan, uvimbe kama vile neurofibromatosis[2]
Njia ya kuitambua hali hiiEksirei[2]
MatibabuKufuatlia hali hiyo kwa umakini bila kuchukua hatua yoyote, Kuweka vyuma kwenye uti wa mgongo, kufanya mazoezi, upasuaji[2][4]
Idadi ya utokeaji wakeasilimia 3% ya watu[5]

Visababishi vya visa vingi havijulikani, lakini inaaminika kuhusisha mchanganyiko wa sababu za kijeni na kimazingira.[3] Sababu hatari ni pamoja na wanafamilia wengine wanaoathirika.[2] Inaweza pia kutokea kutokana na hali zingine kama vile mikazo ya ghafla ya misuli, ugonjwa wa kupooza kwa ubongo, ugonjwa wa Marfan na uvimbe kama vile neurofibromatosis.[2] Utambuzi wa ugonjwa unathibitishwa na Eksirei.[2] Skoliosisi kwa kawaida huainishwa kama ya kimuundo ambapo mkunjo hauwezi kurekebishwa au ya kiutendaji ambapo uti wa mgongo uliopo ni wa kawaida.[2]

Matibabu yanategemea kiwango cha mkunjo, sehemu na kisababishi.[2] Mikunjo midogo inaweza kuangaliwa mara kwa mara.[2] Matibabu yanaweza kujumuisha kufunga kwa kutumia vyuma, kufanya mazoezi mahususi na upasuaji.[2] [4] Vyuma hivyo ni sharti viwekwe kwa mtu na vitumike kila siku hadi kukua kwa mkunjo kukome.[2] Mazoezi mahususi yanaweza kutumika kujaribu kupunguza hatari ya hali kuzorota zaidi.[4] Yanaweza kufanywa peke yake au pamoja na matibabu mengine kama vile ufungwaji wa vyuma.[9] [10] Ushahidi unaosema kwamba urekebishaji wa maungo (chiropractic manipulation), virutubisho vya lishe au mazoezi yanaweza kuzuia hali kuzorota zaidi ni dhaifu.[2] [11] Hata hivyo, mazoezi bado yanapendekezwa kwa sababu ya faida zake zingine za kiafya.[2]

Skoliosisi hutokea kwa takribani asilimia 3 ya watu.[5] Mara nyingi hutokea kwa watu wa kati ya umri wa miaka 10 na 20.[2] Wanawake kwa kawaida huathiriwa zaidi kuliko wanaume.[2] [3] Istilahi hii imetoka kwa lugha ya Kigiriki iliyokuwa ikizungumzwa hapo awali : σκολίωσις , ikatafsiriwa kwa herufi za kirumi: skoliosis ambayo inamaanisha "mkunjo".[12]

Marejeo

hariri
  1. "scoliosis". Merriam Webster. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 11 Agosti 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 "Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents". NIAMS. Desemba 2015. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 25 Agosti 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Genetics Home Reference. Septemba 2013. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Agosti 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, na wenz. (2018). "2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 13: 3. doi:10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. PMC 5795289. PMID 29435499.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. 5.0 5.1 Shakil H, Iqbal ZA, Al-Ghadir AH (2014). "Scoliosis: review of types of curves, etiological theories and conservative treatment". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 27 (2): 111–15. doi:10.3233/bmr-130438. PMID 24284269.
  6. Illés TS, Lavaste F, Dubousset JF (Aprili 2019). "The third dimension of scoliosis: The forgotten axial plane". Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research. 105 (2): 351–59. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2018.10.021. PMID 30665877.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Yang S, Andras LM, Redding GJ, Skaggs DL (Januari 2016). "Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions". Pediatrics. 137 (1): e20150709. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0709. PMID 26644484.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. Agabegi SS, Kazemi N, Sturm PF, Mehlman CT (Desemba 2015). "Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Skeletally Mature Patients: A Critical Review". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 23 (12): 714–23. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00037. PMID 26510624.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Białek M, M'hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J (2016). "Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises – a comprehensive review of seven major schools". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 11: 20. doi:10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. PMC 4973373. PMID 27525315.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. Park JH, Jeon HS, Park HW (Juni 2018). "Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis". European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 54 (3): 440–49. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04461-6. PMID 28976171.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  11. Thompson, JY; Williamson, EM; Williams, MA; Heine, PJ; Lamb, SE; ACTIvATeS Study, Group. (27 Oktoba 2018). "Effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared with other non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Physiotherapy. 105 (2): 214–34. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2018.10.004. PMID 30824243.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  12. "scoliosis". Dictionary.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Agosti 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)