Mapenzi ya jinsia moja : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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{{legend|#c0c0c0|Hakuna taarifa}}]]
'''Ushoga''' (au '''mapenzi ya jinsia moja''', kwa [[Kiingereza]]: “homosexuality”) ni mwelekeo wa kimapenzi unaokwenda tofauti na kawaida inayofanya [[mwanamume]] na [[mwanamke]] kupendana na kuzaliana katika [[familia]].
[[Biolojia]] na [[elimunafsia]] zinaonyesha kwamba [[jinsia]] hizo mbili zinalenga kukamilishana katika [[ndoa]] kwa kupendana na kuzaliana.
Kadiri ya [[Biblia]], [[Mungu]] baada ya kumuumba [[Adamu]] alisema, “Si vema mtu awe peke yake. Nitamfanyia msaidizi wa kufanana naye” (Mwa 2:18). [[Umbile]] la [[mwanamume]] linaelekea kukamilishana na lile la [[mwanamke]] kiroho na kimwili. Lakini [[roho]] haionekani, hivyo ni rahisi zaidi kuona jinsi miili yao inavyofaa kuungana iwe [[mwili]] mmoja. Hata hivyo tuelewe mkamilishano huo unafanyika katika [[nafsi]] pia, ambazo zina [[vipawa]] tofauti vinavyowezesha kwa pamoja kukabili vizuri [[maisha]] ya nyumbani, ya [[uchumi]], ya [[siasa]], ya [[dini]] n.k.
Mwelekeo wa kimapenzi humaanisha muundo wa kudumu wa kimhemko, kimahaba, na/au mivuto ya kimapenzi kwa [[jinsia]] fulani. Mwelekeo wa kimapenzi kwa kawaida humfanya mtu kupenda jinsia tofauti na ya kwake (kuwa na mvuto kwa wahusika wa jinsia nyingine), jambo ambalo linawezesha [[uzazi]] kadiri ya [[maumbile]]. Hata hivyo kuna mashoga/wasagaji (mwanamume anayevutiwa na wanaume/mwanamke anayevutiwa na wanawake), na watu wanaopenda jinsia zote mbili (mwanamume au mwanamke anayevutiwa na jinsia zote mbili; kwa Kiingereza: “bisexual”), mbali na wale wasio na mwelekeo wowote wala kusikia mvuto wowote wa namna hiyo (kwa Kiingereza: “asexuals”). Mwelekeo ukifuatwa unageuka [[tabia]].
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Kwa [[Kiingereza]], shoga anaitwa ''gay''. Hapo awali, ''gay'' ilimaanisha "furaha", lakini tangu wakati huo imekuwa na maana ya "shoga". Pia wakati mwingine hutumiwa kama tusi bila kuiunganisha moja kwa moja na ushoga. Katika istilahi za watu wa [[LGBT]], "mashoga" hurejelea wanaume wanaoelekea watu wa jinsia yao, huku wanawake wa namna hiyo wakitajwa kuwa "wasagaji" (''lesbians''). Maneno haya yanaweza kutumika kwa [[dhihaka]] au kwa lengo la kudhalilisha watu wa namna hiyo. Matumizi hayo yanaweza kuathiri vibaya [[hisia]] na [[heshima]] ya watu hao.
==
Vivutio vya msingi ambavyo huunda mwelekeo wa kimapenzi wa watu wazima kwa kawaida huibuka katikati ya [[utoto]] na [[ubalehe]]<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/firstattraction.pdf</ref>. Hakuna makubaliano kati ya [[wanasayansi]] juu ya sababu halisi ambazo humfanya mtu kuwa na mwelekeo wa kupenda jinsia ileile ya kwake au kupenda jinsia zote mbili badala ya jinsia tofauti tu kama ilivyo kawaida<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/mgmmdi_pdfs/Ch12_change-of-orientation.pdf</ref>. Wengi wanafikiria [[asili]] ([[biolojia]]<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/phoenix2.html</ref><ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/epigenetics.html</ref>) pamoja na [[mazingira]] vinachangia<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/bell_weinberg_jhs.pdf</ref>. Lakini mara nyingine ni kwamba mtu ameathiriwa na tukio ambalo amefanyiwa hasa utotoni au amekubali mwenyewe kujaribu kufanya hata akazoea kiasi cha kushindwa kujinasua<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/mgmmdi_pdfs/Summary.pdf</ref>.
Kati ya wale ambao wakati wa kubalehe wanayumba kwa muda fulani katika kujitambua, wengi baadaye wanakomaa vizuri katika mwelekeo wa kawaida<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/mgmmdi_pdfs/Summary.pdf</ref>. Kumbe watetezi wa ushoga wanataka hao vijana wapewe dawa za kusimamisha ubalehe ili baadaye iwe rahisi kuwafanyia upasuaji wa kubadili vyungo vya uzazi. Ukweli ni kwamba suala si kila mtu kuamua awe wa jinsia gani, kama kwamba mwili hauna maana, bali kujitambua na kujikubali alivyo.
==Mwelekeo na utashi==
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==Mtazamo upande wa afya na elimunafsia==
Miongo mingi ya [[utafiti]] na uzoefu ya kitabibu imepelekea mashirika ya [[afya]] na ya afya ya akili kutamka kuwa mielekeo hiyo si [[ugonjwa]]. [[Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni]] (WHO) liliondoa ushoga katika orodha yake ya [[magonjwa ya akili]] mnamo [[1990]]. Hata hivyo, tafiti mbalimbali zimeonyesha watu hao wana matatizo makubwa ya kiakili <ref name="TransMentalHealth2012">{{cite web|last1=McNeil|first1=Jay|last2=Bailey|first2=Louis|last3=Ellis|first3=Sonja|last4=Morton|first4=James|last5=Regan|first5=Maeve|author6=Scottish Transgender Alliance|author7=TREC|author8=Traverse: Crossing Boundaries in Research|author9=Sheffield Hallam University|author10=TransBareAll|title=Trans Mental Health Study 2012|url=http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/Medpro-Assets/trans_mh_study.pdf|website=.gires.org.uk|publisher=Multiple|access-date=20 December 2014|date=September 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite press release|author1=Transgender Equality Network Ireland (TENI)|title=Press Release: New survey reveals nearly 80% of trans people have considered suicide|url=http://teni.ie/news-post.aspx?contentid=970|website=teni.ie|publisher=Transgender Equality Network Ireland (TENI)|access-date=20 December 2014|date=2 December 2013|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071910/http://teni.ie/news-post.aspx?contentid=970}}</ref> au walau wana urahisi mkubwa zaidi wa kupatwa nayo<ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/whiteheadcomorbid10_2.pdf</ref><ref>http://mygenes.co.nz/mental_ill.html</ref>.
Hadi leo, hakuna utafiti
Tafiti tofauti kote ulimwenguni zimegundua kuwa mtu 1 hadi 10 kati ya 100 wanavutiwa na watu wa jinsia yao wenyewe. Ushoga umekuwepo katika jamii na [[tamaduni]] nyingi, na pia unasemekana kutokea katika [[spishi]] 500 hivi za [[wanyama]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book | author = Bagemihl, Bruce | title = Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity | url = https://archive.org/details/biologicalexuber00bage | publisher = St. Martin's Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-312-25377-6}}</ref><ref name="Biological Exuberance: Animal">{{cite web| last =Harrold | first =Max | title=Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity | publisher=[[The Advocate]], reprinted in Highbeam Encyclopedia | date=1999-02-16 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-53877996.html | accessdate = 2007-09-10}}</ref> Jambo hilo linatumiwa na watetezi wa ushoga kusema kwamba ni kawaida ya kimaumbile. Lakini wanaosema kuwa ushoga ni kinyume cha maumbile wanamaanisha maumbile ya binadamu yanayotakiwa kuongozwa na [[akili]] na [[utashi]], si [[silika]] tu kama ilivyo kwa [[viumbehai]] wengine wote. Kwa mfano, wanyama wanazaliana hata wakiwa na undugu, kwa mfano mama na mtoto, lakini kwa binadamu haifai. Vilevile [[ubakaji]] unafanywa na wanyama mbalimbali, lakini kwa binadamu haufai kabisa kwa sababu unasababisha mwathiriwa asiyekubali apitie uchungu na mateso. Hiyo ndiyo sababu [[jamii]] [[Ustaarabu|iliyostaarabika]] haiwezi kuuvumilia ubakaji; waathiriwa na wote ambao wangeweza kuwa waathiriwa wanapaswa kulindwa wasibakwe. Ulinganisho huo wa ndoa ya jinsia moja na ubakaji si kamili kwa kuwa hauhusishi mwathiriwa asiyekubali, anayelazimika kuvumilia uchungu na mateso, na pengine, badala yake wapenzi wa jinsia moja ambao wanazuiwa kuoana wanajisikia uchungu. Hata hivyo, inabidi kulinda [[maadili]] ya jamii ili iweze kustawi dhidi ya tamaa zisizoijenga.
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==Misimamo ya dini==
Tamaduni za kijamii au za kidini hazitakiwi kuhalalisha tena ubaguzi dhidi ya mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili. Uonevu na unyanyasaji, kuwakatalia watu walio wasagaji, mashoga, na wapenda jinsia mbili fursa na heshima sawa au kuwatuhumu kwa vile walivyo au wanavyotenda si [[uchaji wa Mungu]] wala ufuataji tamaduni bali ni ubaya tu. Kuchukia maovu ni tofauti na kuchukia mwovu. Hata hivyo suala la maadili linabaki: je, ni halali kufuata mwelekeo wowote ambao tunajisikia au tumejizoesha kwa kurudiarudia matendo maovu? Tukikubali watu wafanye lolote wanalojisikia, jamii itakuwaje?
[[Uyahudi]]<ref>The Torah (first five books of the Hebrew Bible) is the primary source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states that: "[A man] shall not lie with another man as [he would] with a woman, it is a תועבה toeba ("abomination")" ([[Law|Leviticus]] 18:22). Like many similar commandments, the stated punishment for willful violation is the death penalty, although in practice rabbinic Judaism no longer believes it has the authority to implement death penalties.</ref>, [[Ukristo]]<ref>Rom 13:13-14: 13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy. 14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh. Galatians 5:19–5:21: 19 Now the works of the flesh are obvious: fornication, impurity, licentiousness, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, anger, quarrels, dissensions, factions, 21 envy, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these. I am warning you, as I warned you before: those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. Colossians 3:5–3:7: 5 Put to death, therefore, whatever in you is earthly: fornication, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed (which is idolatry). 6 On account of these the wrath of God is coming on those who are disobedient. 7 These are the ways you also once followed, when you were living that life. Ephesians 5:3–5:3: 3 But fornication and impurity of any kind, or greed, must not even be mentioned among you, as is proper among saints.</ref>, na [[Uislamu]]<ref>Islam views same-sex desires as an unnatural temptation; and sexual relations are seen as a transgression of the natural role and aim of sexual activity. "Do you approach males among the worlds And leave what your Lord has created for you as mates? But you are a people transgressing". — Quran , Surah 26 (165-166)</ref> [[Mapokeo|kimapokeo]] huchukulia tabia za mapenzi ya jinsia moja kuwa ni [[dhambi]]. Mafundisho ya [[Uhindu]], [[Ubudha]], [[Ujain]], na [[Usikh]] hayako wazi kabisa juu ya mwelekeo wa mapenzi ya jinsia moja, na viongozi wa [[dini]] wanatoa maoni tofauti. Leo, watu kutoka dini zote wanazidi kukubali mapenzi ya jinsia moja, na hata [[ndoa ya jinsia moja]]. [[Idadi]] inayokua ya [[madhehebu]] ya [[Uprotestanti]] hufanya [[baraka]] za ndoa za jinsia moja. Watu wengi walio mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili wanaripoti kwamba hawaoni mgongano kati ya mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi na [[imani]] yao. Hayo yote hayamaanishi kwamba ndio [[ukweli]]; pengine ni kupotewa na [[hekima]]<ref>Romans 1:19–1:27: 19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 Ever since the creation of the world his eternal power and divine nature, invisible though they are, have been understood and seen through the things he has made. So they are without excuse; 21 for though they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their senseless minds were darkened. 22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools; 23 and they exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling a mortal human being or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles. 24 Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the degrading of their bodies among themselves, 25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen. 26 For this reason God gave them up to degrading passions. Their women exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their error.</ref> au ni kujilegeza na kufuata tu mkondo. Ni lazima kufikiria [[uumbaji]] wa mtu katika jinsia mbili ili kuelewa [[Muumba]] alitaka nini, hasa alipounganisha [[kilele]] cha [[tendo la ndoa]] na uwezekano wa [[mimba]] kupatikana.
[[Papa Fransisko]], mkuu wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], ameongea mara kwa mara juu ya hitaji la kukaribisha na kupenda watu wote, bila kujali mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi, kwa kuwa wote ni sura na mfano wa [[Mungu]]. Hata hivyo
2357 Homosexuality refers to relations between men or between women who experience an exclusive or predominant sexual attraction toward persons of the same sex. It has taken a great variety of forms through the centuries and in different cultures. Its psychological genesis remains largely unexplained. Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that 'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered.' They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved.
2358 The number of men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies is not negligible. This inclination, which is objectively disordered, constitutes for most of them a trial. They must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity. Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided. These persons are called to fulfill God's will in their lives and, if they are Christians, to unite to the sacrifice of the Lord's Cross the difficulties they may encounter from their condition.
2359 Homosexual persons are called to chastity. By the virtues of self-mastery that teach them inner freedom, at times by the support of disinterested friendship, by prayer and sacramental grace, they can and should gradually and resolutely approach Christian perfection.</ref> yanasema wazi kwamba matendo ya ushoga ni [[dhambi]], tena [[dhambi ya mauti]] kama matendo mengine ya [[uasherati]] na hata zaidi. Mwelekeo tu si dhambi, lakini ni hatari, kwa kuwa unafanya mtu avutiwe na jambo ambalo ni dhambi, tofauti na mwelekeo wa kawaida unaomfanya mtu avutiwe na ndoa na uzazi kama inavyohitajiwa na jamii ili kujiendeleza. Hivyo mashoga na wengineo wanahitaji msaada wa pekee kuelewa mpango wa Mungu kuhusu jinsia na hatimaye kuishi namna ya kumpendeza. Msimamo wa [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ni wa namna hiyohiyo: kwamba ngono inakubalika tu katika ndoa.
▲[[Papa Fransisko]], mkuu wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], ameongea mara kwa mara juu ya hitaji la kukaribisha na kupenda watu wote, bila kujali mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi, kwa kuwa wote ni sura na mfano wa [[Mungu]]. Hata hivyo mapokeo ya Kikatoliki yanasema kwamba matendo ya ushoga ni dhambi,<ref name=":1" /> na mada hii inaendelea kuwa mabishano katika Kanisa.
==Tazama pia==
* [[Msenge]]
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