Hali ya hatari : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

'''Hali ya hatari''' ni hali ambayo ikitangazwa inawezesha [[serikali]] kufanya vitendo ambavyo kwa kawaida hairuhusiwi kufanya kisheria. Serikali inaweza kutangaza hali hiyo wakati wa maafa, machafuko ya kiraia au [[vita]]. Tangazo la hali ya hatari huwatahadharisha wananchi kubadilisha [[maisha]] yao ya kawaida na huruhusu [[vyombo vya serikalidola]] kutekeleza mipango ya dharura. 

Hali ya hatari pia inaweza kutumika kama [[kisingizio]] cha kutupilia mbali [[uhuru]] na [[haki]] zilizotolewa na [[katiba]]. Utaratibu na uhalali wa kufanya hivyo hutofautiana nakadiri ya nchi.

Katika baadhi ya nchi, ni kinyume cha [[sheria]] ya kurekebisha sheria ya hali ya hatari au [[katiba]] ya wakati wa hali ya hatari. Katika nchi nyingine kuna uhuru wa kubadilisha sheria yoyote au haki zilizotolewa na katiba wakati wowote [[bunge]] inaamualinapoamua kufanya hivyo.

[[Mwaka]] [[1952]], serikali ya kikoloni ya [[Kenya]], ikiongozwa na [[Evelyn Baring|Bwana Evelyn Baring]], ilitangaza hali ya hatari baada ya waasi wa [[Maumau|Mau Mau]] kuanza vita dhidi ya wazungu[[Wazungu]] na [[Waafrika]] waliowaunga [[mkono]]. Hali hiyo iliishailikwisha mwaka [[1960]] tu<ref>{{Citation|last=Leander|title=The longest state of emergency in Kenya ends|date=2013-11-07|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/longest-state-emergency-kenya-ends|work=South African History Online|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@IanEdgarAplin/state-of-emergency-in-kenya-1952-1960-421ed3c0a87d|title=State of Emergency in Kenya, 1952-1960|author=Ian Edgar Aplin|date=2014-06-12|work=Ian Edgar Aplin|accessdate=2018-08-05}}</ref>.

[[Katiba ya Kenya]] inakubali hali ya hatari wakati wa [[maafa asilia]], vita, machafuko ya kisiasa au hali nyingine yoyote inayohitaji hali ya hatarihiyo itangazwe. [[Rais]] atatangaza [[wiki]] [[mbili]] za hali ya hatari baada ya kupitishwa kwa azimio na wabunge [[thuluthi]] mbili. Kuongeza muda wa hali hiyo kunahitaji azimio lipitishwe na wabunge [[robo]] [[tatu]]. Hata hivyo, katiba inaruhusu [[mahakama]] ya upeojuu kutupilia mbali azimio na sheria yoyote itakayopitishwa katika hali ya hatari. [[Haki za binadamu nchini Kenya|Haki za binadamu]] hazifai kukiukwa kwa muda ambao hali ya hatari itakuwaitakuwepo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.klrc.go.ke/index.php/constitution-of-kenya/114-chapter-four-the-bill-of-rights/part-4-state-of-emergency/224-58-state-of-emergency|title=58. State of emergency - Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC)|language=en-gb|work=www.klrc.go.ke|accessdate=2018-08-05}}</ref>.

Hali ya hatari katika nchi ya [[Uhabeshi]] ilitangazwa [[Oktoba]] mwaka [[2016]] na aliyekuwa [[waziri mkuu]], [[Haile Mariam Desalegne|Hailemariam Desalegn]], baada ya [[Waoromo]] kuandamana<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Legal Analysis of Ethiopia’s State of Emergency|date=2016-10-30|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/30/legal-analysis-ethiopias-state-emergency|work=Human Rights Watch|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>. Sheria ya hali ya hatari iliwataka [[Mwanadiplomasia|wanadiplomasia]] kutosafiri zaidi ya [[km]] 40 kutoka [[Addis Ababa]], na kutokuwa na [[mawasiliano]] na vikundi vilivyosemwa kuwa [[Gaidiugaidi|magaidi]]. Pia, sheria hiyo ilipiga [[marufuku]] [[mikutano ya hadharanihadhara]] na kuwapa [[majeshi]] ya usalama nguvu za kuwatia ndani waliokiuka sheria hiyo bila idhini ya mahakama<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/ethiopia-regime-unveils-rules-for-state-of-emergency/a-36055101|title=Ethiopia regime unveils rules for state of emergency {{!}} DW {{!}} 16.10.2016|author=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com)|language=en|work=DW.COM|accessdate=2018-08-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" />. Ilikatizwa [[Agosti]] mwaka [[2017]].

Hali ya hatari ilitangazwa tena [[Februari]] mwaka [[2018]] kwa miezi [[sita]], siku moja baada ya Hailemariam Desalegn kujiuzulu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/sw/sheria-ya-hali-ya-hatari-ethiopia-na-migodi-magazetini/a-42710678|title=Sheria ya hali ya hatari Ethiopia na Migodi Magazetini {{!}} DW {{!}} 23.02.2018|author=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com)|language=sw|work=DW.COM|accessdate=2018-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://taifaleo.nation.co.ke/index.php/hali-ya-hatari-nchini-ethiopia-kudumu-kwa-miezi-sita-ijayo/|title=Hali ya hatari nchini Ethiopia kudumu kwa miezi sita ijayo – Taifa Leo|language=sw|work=taifaleo.nation.co.ke|accessdate=2018-08-05}}</ref>. Juni mwaka 2018 baada ya bunge kupigalilipiga kura kuikatiza hali ya hatari<ref>{{Citation|title=Ethiopia lifts state of emergency|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Ethiopia-lifts-state-of-emergency/1066-4597120-dvef66/index.html|work=Daily Nation|language=en-UK|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>.

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