Waarabu : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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'''Waarabu''' (Kiarabu عَرَبِ, <small>matamshi ya Kiarabu:</small> [ʕarabi]) ni watu ambao lugha yao ya asili ni [[Kiarabu]] na kujitambua vile.
Kiasili walikuwa watu wa [[Bara Arabu]] na maeneo jirani katika [[Syria]] na [[Iraki]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15372.html|title=Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism|last=Mabry|first=Tristan James|date=2015|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|isbn=9780812246919|pages=53-85|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref> lakini tangu kuja kwa [[Uislamu]] walienea nje ya eneo asilia hasa katika [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] na nchi za [[Mashariki ya Kati]] ambako walijichangaya na wenyeji wambao wengi wao wamepokea lugha ya Karabu tangu karne nyingi na kujitazama kama Waarabu pia.
Kutokana na uhamiaji wako pia katika Afrika ya Mashariki, Visiwa vya Komoro na visiwa vingine vya [[Bahari ya Hindi|Bahari Hindi]], [[Amerika]], [[Ulaya ya Magharibi|Ulaya Magharibi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Uhindi]] na [[Uajemi|Iran]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Music and media in the Arab world|date=2010|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-416-293-0|editor-last=Frishkopf|editor-first=Michael|edition=1st|location=Cairo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world|last=Bureš|first=Jaroslav|date=2008|publisher=Institute of International Relations|isbn=978-80-86506-71-5|location=Prague}}</ref> <ref name="Arab People">{{Cite web|title=Arab (People)|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab|accessdate=19 December 2020|work=Britannica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world|last=Bureš|first=Jaroslav|date=2008|publisher=Institute of International Relations|isbn=978-8086506715|location=Prague}}</ref> <ref>Chapter 4. Modern Standard Arabs". Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015, pp. 53-85. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812291018.53</ref>
Dini ya [[Uislamu]] ulianzia kati ya Waarabu na hivyo Kiarabu ndio lugha ya Qurani na maandiko ya Kiislamu, na Waarabu wengi ni [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] . Walakini kati ya Waialmu wote Waarabu ni kama asilimia 20% tu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/demographics-of-islam|title=Demographics of Islam|accessdate=28 September 2020|archivedate=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009120840/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/demographics-of-islam}}</ref>
Kihistoria Waarabu walitajwa mara ya kwanza mara ya kwanza wakati wa [[karne ya 9 KK]] kama makabila kwenye mashariki na kusini mwa [[Syria]] na kaskazini mwa Bara Arabu. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cRrGQ8bIAkC|title=The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources|last=Myers|first=E. A.|date=11 February 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-48481-7|page=18}}</ref> Waarabu wanaonekana walikuwa chini ya wafalme wa [[Ashuru|Milki ya Ashuru]] (911-612 KK), na baadaye chini ya [[Babeli|Milki ya Babeli]] iliyofuata (626-539 KK), [[Uajemi ya Kale#Waakhameni|Waakhemi]] (539-332 KK), Seleukidi na Waparthi. <ref></ref> Katika karne ya 3 KK Waarabu wa Nabatea waliunda ufalme wao karibu na [[Petra]] katika Yordani ya leo. Makabila ya Kiarabu kama Waghassanidi na Walakhmidi huanza kuonekana katika jangwa la Syria Kusini kuanzia katikati ya [[Karne ya 3 KK|karne ya 3 BK]] wakiunda milki zao zilizoshirikiana na [[Dola la Roma]] na Wasasani. Hadi karne ya 7 sehemu ya Waarabu hasa wa magharibi mwa eneo lao walikuwa Wakristo, wengine pia Wayahudi.
Baada ya Muhamad, [[Khalifa#Makhalifa wanne wa kwanza|makhalifa wa kwanza]] (632-661 BK) waliunganisha Waarabu wote chini ya utawala wao. wakaendelea kuvamia milki jirani za Dola la Roma na Uajemi ya Wasasani. Kote walianza kutumia [[Kiarabu|lugha ya Kiarabu]] kama lugha ya utawala. Makabila mengi kutoka Bara Arabu yalianza kuhamia katika nchi zilizovamiwa katika hiyo milki kubwa ya Kiislamu iliyoenea kutoka [[Moroko]] na [[Hispania]] upande wa maghararibi hadi mipaka ya [[China]] na [[Uhindi]] upande wa mashariki.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A history of the Arab peoples|last=Ruthven|first=Albert Hourani; with a new afterword by Malise|date=2010|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05819-4|edition=1st Harvard Press pbk.|location=Cambridge, Mass.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=IVyMAvW9slYC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Islam: The Religion and the People|last=Bernard Ellis Lewis|last2=Buntzie Ellis Churchill|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|page=137|quote=At the time of the Prophet's birth and mission, the Arabic language was more or less confined to Arabia, a land of deserts, sprinkled with oases. Surrounding it on land on every side were the two rival empires of Persia and Byzantium. The countries of what now make up the Arab world were divided between the two of them—Iraq under Persian rule, Syria, Palestine, and North Africa part of the Byzantine Empire. They spoke a variety of different languages and were for the most part Christians, with some Jewish minorities. Their Arabization and Islamization took place with the vast expansion of Islam in the decades and centuries following the death of the Prophet in 632 CE. The Aramaic language, once dominant in the Fertile Crescent, survives in only a few remote villages and in the rituals of the Eastern churches. Coptic, the language of Christian Egypt before the Arab conquest, has been entirely replaced by Arabic except in the church liturgy. Some earlier languages have survived, notably Kurdish in Southwest Asia and Berber in North Africa, but Arabic, in one form or another, has in effect become the language of everyday speech as well as of government, commerce and culture in what has come to be known as "the Arab world."|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Katika karne zilofuata, wakazi wengi wa maeneo hayo walianza kuwa Waislamu na kutumia Kiarabu kama lugha ya kidini na ya kielimu; hasa katika sehemu kubwa ya Afrika Kaskazini pamoja na Misri na katika nchi za Asia Magharibi (hasa nchi za leo Syria, Lebanoni, Iraki) wenyeji wengi walianza kutumia Kiarabu kama lugha yao na hivyo kuitwa Waarabu.
Kwa karne nyingi Waarabu hao walitawaliwa na [[Milki ya Osmani]]<ref>"[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/ottoman-empire/arab-revolt The Arab Revolt, 1916-18 | The Ottoman Empire]." ''New Zealand History''. [[Ministry for Culture and Heritage]]. 30 July 2014.</ref> . Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] (1914-1918) milki hiyo ilivunjwa na kugawiwa kwa maeneo ya nchi za Kiarabu za leo<ref>{{Cite book|title=Frontiers of the state in the late Ottoman Empire : Transjordan, 1850–1921|last=Rogan, Eugene L.|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89223-0|oclc=826413749}}</ref> ambazo kwa muda mfupi zilitawaliwa bado kama koloni au [[nchi lindwa]] chini ya Uingereza na Ufaransa.
Mwaka 1945 nchi hizo ziliunda [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]].<ref name="History">"[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed | This Day in History — 3/22/1945]." ''[[History.com|HISTORY]]''. US: [[A&E Television Networks]]. 2010. Retrieved on 28 April 2014.</ref>
Leo hii Waarabu kimsingi hukalia nchi 22 wanachama wa [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]]. Nchi hizo zinaenea kwa kilomita za mraba milioni 13 kutoka [[Atlantiki|bahari ya Atlantiki]] upande wa magharibi hadi [[Bahari ya Kiarabu]] katika mashariki na kutoka [[Bahari ya Mediteranea|Bahari ya Mediterranean]] katika kaskazini hadi [[Pembe ya Afrika]] na [[Bahari ya Hindi]] katika kusini. Watu wasio Waarabu wakitumia lugha zao za pekee huishi pia katika nchi hizo, wakati mwingine wakiwa wengi. Hawa ni pamoja na [[Wasomali]], [[Wakurdi]], [[Waberberi]], Waafar, [[Nubia|Wanubi]] na wengineo .
Katika zama za kabla ya Uislamu, Waarabu wengi walifuata dini za [[Dini ya miungu mingi|kuabudu miungu mingi.]] Makabila kadhaa yalikuwa yamekubali [[Ukristo]] au [[Uyahudi]] na watu wachache waliotwa ''hanif'' walisemekana kuwa na imani kwa Mungu mmoja. <ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/formationofislam0000berk|title=The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800|last=Berkey, Jonathan Porter|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-521-58813-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/formationofislam0000berk/page/42 42]|url-access=registration}}</ref>
Leo, karibu asilimia 93 za Waarabu ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Arabs facts, information, pictures|work=Encyclopedia.com articles about Arabs|date=21 April 2018|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/people/arabs|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>. Kuna pia Wakristo kama jumuiya ndogo zaidi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World – Pew Research Center|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> Waislamu Waarabu kimsingi ni wa [[Wasunni|madhehebu]] ya [[Wasunni]], [[Washia|Washiia]], Waibadi na [[Alawite|Waalawi]].
Wakristo wa Kiarabu kwa ujumla hufuata moja ya [[Ukristo wa Mashariki|Makanisa ya Kikristo ya Mashariki]], kama yale yaliyo ndani ya [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki|makanisa ya Orthodox ya]] [[Makanisa Katoliki ya Mashariki|Mashariki, makanisa Katoliki ya Mashariki]], au makanisa ya Kiprotestanti ya Mashariki. <ref name="PharesIntro">{{Cite web|first=Walid|author=Phares|authorlink=Walid Phares|url=https://www.arabicbible.com/for-christians/christians/1396-arab-christians-introduction.html|title=Arab Christians: An Introduction|publisher=Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry|date=2001}}</ref> Kuna pia idadi ndogo ya Wayahudi wa Kiarabu ambao bado wanaishi katika nchi za Kiarabu lakini wengi wao waliondoka kwao wakihamia Israeli au nchi nyingine za Ulaya na Amerika. Sehemu ya Wakristo katika nchi za Kiarabu hawajitambui kuwa Waarabu kwa mfano [[Wakopti]] au [[Waashuri]].
[[Jamii:Makala zisowekewa maelezo ya vyanzo]]
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