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'''Mnururisho''' ni uenezaji wa [[nishati]] kwa njia ya vijipandevyembe vidogo sana au kwa njia ya mawimbi. umemeMnururisho huwa na chanzo, mwelekeo usionyoka na kasi.
Mifano ya mnururisho inayoonekana au kusikika kirahisi ni nuru na joto. Mifano ya mnururisho isiyoonekana ni mnururisho wa [[sumakuumeme]] katika [[redio]] na [[TV]], [[eksirei]] au kinyuklia.
r Begriff Strahlung bezeichnet die Ausbreitung von Teilchen oder Wellen. Im ersten Fall spricht man von Korpuskularstrahlung oder Teilchenstrahlung, im zweiten von Wellenstrahlung.
==Tabia za mnururisho==
Die Unterscheidung zwischen Teilchen und Wellen ist historisch und hat als angenäherte, anschauliche Aussage nach wie vor Bedeutung. Jedoch hat nach heutiger Kenntnis jede Strahlung sowohl Teilchen- als auch Welleneigenschaften.
Mnururisho uko kati ya sehemu za fizikia zilizochunguliwa zaidi na sayansi na kupata matumizi mengi katika teknolojia ya kibinadamu.
Hata hivyo wataalamu hawana uhakika mnururisho mwenyewe ni nini hali halisi. Kadiri na mbinu za upimaji huonekana mara kama mwendo wa vyembe yaani vipande vidogo sana za mada (kama vile [[elektroni]] au [[nyutroni]]) na mara kama wimbi yaani mwendo wa nishati isiyo na umbo wa kimada.
'''Radiation''' is when [[energy]] moves through [[space]] in straight lines, away from a source (of radiation). If the amount of energy is large enough, it can change things that it hits, hurting people or animals, leading to [[chemistry|chemical]] changes, making things hotter, etc. Radiation is one of the best understood parts of [[physics]].
Mnururisho unaweza kuathiri vitu vinavyoguswa nao. kama nishati yake ni kubwa ya kutosha inaweza kusababisha halijoto kupanda, mabadiliko ya kikemia au pia madhara kwa vitu na viumbe hai.
There are many different ways that energy can travel through space in this way. One way is in the form of shifting [[electricity|electrical]] and [[magnetism|magnetic]] fields. This is why some common types of radiation are referred to as [[Electromagnetic radiation]], also known as [[light]]. (A different way to think of electromagnetic radiation is as a stream of particles of energy called [[photons]].) Another way that radiation can travel is in the form of tiny particles. These are pieces of [[atoms]], like [[neutron]]s or [[proton]]s (please see the article on atoms for more information). When radiation is made up of quickly moving particles (like pieces of atoms), it is referred to as '''particle radiation'''.
==Aina za mnururisho==
Many people are already familiar with different kinds of electromagnetic radiation/light. [[Scientists]] categorize this type of radiation based on its [[wavelength]] and [[frequency]]. Some kinds of electromagnetic radiation are:
Kuna aina nyingi za mnururisho au njia za uenezaji wa nishati.
*'''Mawimbi ya redio''': ni mnurusisho mwenye [[lukoka]] kubwa. Hutumiwa kwa [[redio]], [[TV]] na ishara za mawasiliano.
*'''Radio waves''': This is the kind of electromagnetic radiation with the highest wavelength. Radio waves are used to send and receive communications.
*'''Mikrowevu''': ni aina ya pekee ya mawimbi ya redio yenye lukoka ndogo zaidi; hutumiwa kwa mawasiliano ya simu, kama silaha, kwa uhamisho wa umeme kati ya mahali na pahali halafu katika maihsa ya kila siku ndani ya jiko la püekee la kupashia joto vyakula.
*'''Micro-waves''': This is a special kind of radio wave that is used by a microwave oven to warm up food. Microwaves are also used for communications, as weapons, and to move electrical power from one place to another.
*'''Radar''': Ni mawimbi redio yanayoonyesha ndege angani, meli baharini na hata mawingu. Yanatembea mbali na kuakisihwa na magimba.
*'''Radar waves''': This is also a kind of radio wave that is used to spot airplanes in the sky and ships in the ocean. Radar is also used to see changes in weather.
*'''Mawimbi infrarefi''': ni mnururisho wa joto. Hauonekani kwa jicho la kibinadamu lakini hushikwa na kamrea za pekee zinazo"ona" gimba la kuota joto hata kupitia ukuta.
*'''Infrared waves''': Most objects at room temperature let off infrared radiation. Although humans cannot see it, special types of cameras can pick up this kind of radiation. Usually, the hotter something is, the more infrared radiation it lets off, which means that these special cameras can see hot things, even behind walls.
*'''Visible light''': This is the radiation that we see all around us as what most people call "light."
*'''Ultraviolet light''': This is a type of radiation with more energy than visible light that gives people a sunburn. Ultraviolet light is also used to kill [[bacteria]] and to make some kinds of invisible ink visible.
*'''X-rays and Gamma rays''': These are high energy types of radiation that are usually thought of when most people hear the term radiation. This kind of radiation has the smallest wavelength and is used in hospitals for seeing inside people's bodies. It is also the cause of many events that happen in [[outer space]].
Most people hear terms like radiation and immediately think of it as a bad or dangerous thing. It turns out that only certain types of radiation are ordinarily harmful to humans. For example, ultraviolet radiation can give people sunburn. X-rays and gamma rays can make a person sick, or even [[death|die]] if they are exposed to them for a very long time. Some types of particle radiation can also make people sick and lead to burns. Any type of radiation that causes changes in world like these is referred to as [[ionizing radiation]]. If radiation does not carry high enough levels of energy, though, then these changes will not happen when something is hit by the radiation. This is referred to as '''non-ionizing radiation''', which is not as dangerous.
One can distinguish between various types of radiation by looking at the source of the radiation, its wavelength (if the radiation is electromagnetic), the amount of energy being carried, any particles involved, etc. '''Radioactive material''' is a
*'''Nuru''': Mnururisho unaitwa pia "mwanga"
[[Category:Fizikia]]
[[Category:Nishati]]
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