Kifua kikuu : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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[[File: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.jpg | thumb | [[Skanning elektroni mikrografu]] ya '' [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis ]]'']]
IKisababishi kikubwa cha kifua kikuu ni '' [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', ni kiumbe kidogo, [[kinachohitaji oksijeni]] na kisichotembea [[bacillus]]<ref name=ID10>{{cite book|author=[edited by] Gerald L. Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael Dolin|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|year=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-443-06839-3|pages=Chapter 250|edition=7th}}</ref> Sifa nyingi za kipekee za kiumbe hiki zinaletwa na ongezeko kubwa la [[mafuta]] <ref>{{cite book|author=Southwick F |title=Infectious Diseases: A Clinical Short Course, 2nd ed. |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division |date=10 December 2007 |pages=313–4 |chapter=Chapter 4: Pulmonary Infections |page=104|url=http://pharma-books.blogspot.com/2009/01/infectious-disease-clinical-short.html |isbn=0-07-147722-5|archiveurl=http://archive.is/rSN4|archivedate=13 July 2012}}</ref> Ina seli inayojigawa kila baada ya masaa 16 hadi 20. Kiwango hiki si kikubwa ukilinganishwa na bakteria zingine, ambazo kwa kawaida vinajigawa kwa muda usiopungua saa mmoja <ref>{{cite book|last=Jindal|first=editor-in-chief SK|title=Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5025-073-0|pages=525|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=rAT1bdnDakAC&pg=PA525}}</ref> Mycobacteria wana [[muundo wa seli ya bakteria | utando wa nje]] utando wa mafuta <ref name=Niederweis2010>{{cite journal |author=Niederweis M, Danilchanka O, Huff J, Hoffmann C, Engelhardt H |title=Mycobacterial outer membranes: in search of proteins |journal=Trends in Microbiology |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=109–16 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20060722 |pmc=2931330|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2009.12.005}}</ref> Kama jaribio la [[Gramu stain]] likifanywa, MTB haikolei sana rangi yaani "Gram-positive" haipatikani na rangi haionekani kwa sababu utando wake una mafuta mengi [[mafuta]] pamoja na asidi [[Mycolic acid]].<ref name=Madison_2001>{{cite journal |author=Madison B |title=Application of stains in clinical microbiology |journal=Biotech Histochem |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=119–25 |year=2001 |pmid=11475314 |doi=10.1080/714028138}}</ref> MTB inaweza kuhimili kemikali [[dhaifu]] na hivi vimelea vinaweza kuishi katika [[kijimbegu au | sehemu kavu]] kwa wiki moja. Kwa kawaida, bakteria zinaweza kukua na kuishi tu ndani ya seli ya [[kiumbe (biolojia) | kiumbe]] viumbe, lakini'' M. tuberculosis' inaweza kukuzwa [[ndani in vitro|ya maabara]].<ref name=Parish_1999>{{cite journal |author=Parish T, Stoker N |title=Mycobacteria: bugs and bugbears (two steps forward and one step back) |journal=Molecular Biotechnology |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=191–200 |year=1999| pmid=10934532 |doi = 10.1385/MB:13:3:191}}</ref>
Kwa kutumia vipimo vya kimaabara vya kansa [[Histology | histological]] kwa kuweka madoa juu ya sampuli ya [[mate]] yaliyotoka kwenye [[makohozi]], wanasayansi wanaweza kutambua MTB chini ya makroskopi (nyepesi) ya kawaida. (Phlegm pia inaitwa "kohozi.") MTB huacha madoa hata baada ya kuchanganywa na asidi, na hivyo hujulikana kama [[Acid-fast bacillus]] (AFB)<ref name= Robbins/><ref name="Madison_2001"/> acid-fast bacillus. Kuna njia mbili zinazotumia vipimo vya asidi :. Kipimo kinachojulikana kama [[Ziehl - Neelsen stain]], kinageuza rangi ya vimelea AFB na kuwa vyekundu na vinaonekana wazi wazi dhidi ya sehemu ya bluu,<ref name=Stain2000>{{cite book |author= |title=Medical Laboratory Science: Theory and Practice|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill |location=New Delhi |year=2000 |pages=473 |isbn=0-07-463223-X|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lciNs3VQPLoC&pg=PA473}}</ref> na [[auramine-rhodamine stain]] ambayo hufuatiwa na makroskopi yenye kuakisi mwanga.<ref>{{cite book|last=Piot|first=editors, Richard D. Semba, Martin W. Bloem; foreword by Peter|title=Nutrition and health in developing countries|year=2008|publisher=Humana Press|location=Totowa, NJ|isbn=978-1-934115-24-4|pages=291|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=RhH6uSQy7a4C&pg=PA291|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref>
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