Urusi : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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[[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kirusi]] kwenye maeneo yote ya Shirikisho ka Kirusi lakini katiba ya nchi inatoa kibali kwa [[Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Urusi|Jamhuri za shirikisho]] kuamulia lugha rasmi ya nyongeza kwa eneo lao pamoja na Kirusi.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation|work=(Article 68, §2)|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm|accessdate=27 December 2007}}</ref>. Kuna pia [[Eneo huru la Urusi|"maeneo huru" ya pekee]] yenye lugha zao pamoja na Kirusi
===Dini===
Baada ya ukomunisti kuanguka, [[dini]] ulizozipiga vita kwa njia zote kwa miaka mingi zimepata uhai mpya. Siku hizi 3/4 za wakazi ni [[Wakristo]], hasa [[Waorthodoksi]], na 6.5% ni [[Waislamu]].▼
[[File:Eggink VelKnVladimir.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Ivan Eggink's painting represents Vladimir listening to the Orthodox priests, while the [[papal]] envoy stands aside in discontent]]
[[File:Vasnetsov Bapt Vladimir.jpg|thumb|''The Baptism of Vladimir'', a fresco by [[Viktor Vasnetsov]]]]
Warusi wengi kabisa walikuwa wafuasi wa Ukristo wa Kiorthodoksi hadi mapinduzi ya 1917/18. Katika mapokeo ya wenyewe ni [[Mtume Andrea]] aliyeleta mara ya kwanza imani hadi Urusi.<ref name=encarta>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007|title=Russia|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569000_6/Russia.html|accessdate =2007-12-27}}</ref>. Mnamo mwaka [[988]] mtemi wa Kiev [[Vladimir Mkuu]] alipokea ubatizo kutoka mapadre wa Kanisa la [[Bizanti]] uliofuatwa na ubatizo wa familia na wananchi wa Kiev<ref>Oleg Rapov, ''Russkaya tserkov v IX–pervoy treti XII veka'' (''The Russian Church from the 9th to the First 3rd of the 12th Century''). Moscow, 1988.</ref>).
Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi liliendelea kuwa dini rasmi katika milki za Kirusi hadi mapinduzi ya 1917. Wakomunisti walioshika utawala mwaka ule walikataa dini zote <ref name =PoU>{{Citation
|publisher = Studia Historica 48
|isbn = 951-710-008-6
|publication-place = Helsinki
|title = The Party of Unbelief
|url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL25433417M/The_Party_of_Unbelief
|author = [[Arto Luukkanen]]
|publication-date = 1994
|oclc = 832629341
|id =
}}</ref>
Urusi pamoja na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza iliyoamua kufuata uatheisti kama itikadi kuu<ref name=Kowalewski>{{cite journal|last=Kowalewski|first=David|title=Protest for Religious Rights in the USSR: Characteristics and Consequences|journal=Russian Review|date=October 1980|volume=39|issue=4|pages=426–441|jstor=128810|doi=10.2307/128810|via=[[JSTOR]]|registration=y}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|last=Ramet|first=Sabrina Petra. (Ed)|title=Religious Policy in the Soviet Union|year=1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=John|title=Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-46784-5|pages=3}}</ref>
Serikali ya kikomunisti ilinyang'anya mali na majengo ya kanisa, magazeti yake yalishambulia mafundisho ya kidini,uatheisti ikafundishwa mashuleni na waumini wakahangaishwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/anti.html |title=Anti-religious Campaigns |publisher=Loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> Makanisa mengi yaligeuzwa kwa matumizi ya ghala, ukumbi wa michezo na kadhalika au kubomolewa. Mapadre, maaskofu na maimamu mara nyingi walikamatwa, kutupwa gerezani au kutumwa kwenye [[makambi ya GULAG]]. Kati ya 1922 hadi 1926 jumla ya maaskofu 28 na mapadre zaidi ya 1,200 waliuawa. Many more were persecuted.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://countrystudies.us/russia/38.htm Country Studies: Russia-The Russian Orthodox Church] U.S. Library of Congress, Accessed 2008-04-03</ref>
Dini za awali ziliendelea chini ya ukomunisti lakini kwa matatizo makubwa. Waumini waliweza kusali kwao nyumbani na katika makanisa na misikiti michache iliyobaki. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili]] mateso yalipungua kidogo kwa sababu [[Joseph Stalin]] alitaka kuwaunganisha wananchi wote chini ya uongozi wake katika juhudi za vita.
Baada ya ukomunisti kuanguka mnamo 1990 jumuiya za kidini zimepata uhai mpya. Wafuasi wa dini hawahesabiwi katika sensa hivyo kuna makadirio tu. Mnamo Agosti 2012 kulikuwa na kadirio la asilimia 46.8 za Warusi walikuwa Wakristo <ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia]. Sreda.org</ref> na asilimia 25 waliamini kuwepo kwa Mungu lakini bila kufuata dini yoyote. Makadirio mengine yalitaja asilimia 76% za Warsi kuwa Wakristo <ref name="levada.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman|script-title=ru:Пресс выпуски - В России 74% православных и 7% мусульман|trans-title=Press releases - In Russia 74% are Orthodox and 7% are Muslims|language=ru|work=levada.ru|date=17 December 2012|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref> au asilimia 65 <ref name="fom.ru">{{cite web|url=http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953|script-title=ru:Ценности: религиозность|trans-title=Values: Religious|language=ru|work=fom.ru|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>.
Upande wa Wakristo wengi wanakadiriwa kuwa Orthodoksi (kati ya hao wengi hawashiriki kwenye ibada za mara kwa mara) na wachache ni Wakatoliki na Waprotestanti.<ref name="religare.ru">{{cite web |script-title=ru:Сведения о религиозных организациях, зарегистрированных в Российской Федерации по данным Федеральной регистрационной службы|trans-title=Data about religious organizations registered in Russian Federation according to Federal Migration Service records|url=http://www.religare.ru/2_36302.html|language=Russian|date=19 December 2006|accessdate=27 December 2007}}</ref>
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[[File:Kazan church edit.jpg|thumb|Hekalu ya dini zote mjini [[Kazan]], Tatarstan]]
[[Uislamu]] ni dini yenye wafuasi wengi baada ya Kanisa lOrthodoksi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Europe: Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wm3w1oGCaEoC&pg=PA1387|accessdate=29 April 2015|series=World and Its Peoples|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7900-0|page=1387|chapter=Russian Federation}}</ref> Ni dini kuu kati ya watu wengi wa [[Kaukazi]] kama vile Wachecheni, [[Waingushi]] na [[Wacherkesi]]), pia kati ya wasemaji wengi wa [[Lugha za Kiturki]] kama vile [[Watatari]] na [[Wabashkiris]]). Kwa jumla kuna kadirio la kuwepo kwa milioni 9,400,000 Waislamu ambao ni sawa na asilimia 6.5% ya wananchi wote. Walio wengi ni Wasunni, pamoja na wafuasi wachache wa [[Shia]] na [[Ahmadiya]]. Sehemu kubwa wanajihesabu kuwa Waislamu bila kusema Sunni au Shia.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ingvar Svanberg|author2=David Westerlund|title=Islam Outside the Arab World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTVjWTllOGgC&pg=PA418|accessdate=29 April 2015|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-11330-7|page=418}}</ref> <ref name="ArenaAtlas"/><ref name="2012maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Survey Maps]. "Ogonek", No. 34 (5243), 27 August 2012. ''Retrieved 24 September 2012''.</ref>
Katika maeneo matatu kuna wafuasi wa [[Ubuddha]] ambayo ni [[Buryatia]], [[Tuva]] na [[Kalmykia]]. Dini za jadi hufuatwa bado katika sehemu za Siberia na Masahriki ya Mbali kama vile [[Yakutia]] na [[Okrug huru ya Chukotka|Chukotka]]. [[Waslavi]] mara nyingi ni Wakristo wa Kiorthodoksi, wasemaji wa [[lugha za Kiturki]] ni zaidi Waislamu, na wenye lugha za [[Kimongolia]] mara nyingi hufuata Ubuddha.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Hellie|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia/38602/Religion|title=Russia|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
kuhsu watu wasio na dini kuna makadirio kati ya asilimia 16% na 48% ya wananchi wote.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zuckerman |first=P. |chapter=Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns |title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism |editor=Michael Martin |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005}}</ref> Idadi ya watu wanaojihesabu kuwa Waatheisti ni asilimia 7 na idadi yao imeendelea kupungua. <ref name="2013 Belivers">{{cite web|url=http://www.sova-center.ru/religion/discussions/how-many/2013/01/d26201/|script-title=ru:Социологи вновь посчитали верующих россиян|trans-title=Sociologists have counted Russian believers anew|publisher=Sova Center|language=Russian|date=15 January 2013|accessdate=29 April 2013}}</ref>
==Tanbihi==
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