Mwandiko wa Kiebrania : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda Kiebrania#Mwandiko wa Kiebrania |
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Mstari 1:
[[Mwandiko wa Kiebrania]] ni mwandiko au alfabeti ya lugha ya [[Kiebrania]] ya kale na ya kisasa, pia ya Kiaramo ya Biblia na ya Talmudi. Kuna pia [[lugha za Kiyahudi|lugha nyingine za Kiyahudi]] kama [[Kiyiddish]] na [[Kiladin]]o zilizoandikwa kwa kutumia mwandiko huu.
==Herufi==
Mwandiko huu unafuata mfumo wa [[abjadi]] yaani herufi zake zinaonyesha [[konsonanti]] pekee. Kuna herufi 22 na hakuna tofauti kati ya herufi kubwa na ndogo (kama vile A-a, B-b) lakini herufi kadhaa zina umbo tofauti kama zinaandikwa katikati au mwishoni mwa neno. Alama za א ה ו י zinaweza pia kuonyesha [[vokali]] ndefu. Menginevyo kuna nukta zinazoweza kuandikwa juu au chini ya herufi za konsonanti kwa kuonyesha vokali.
Herufi tatu za ב bet, כ kaf na פ pe zinaweza kuonyesha sauti mbili tofauti, ama kwa matamshi laini au ngumu. Hapo Bet inaweza kuwa na matamshi ya B au V, Kaf kama K au Kh na Pe kama P au F. Tofauti inaweza kuonyeshwa kwa kuweka nukta katikati ya herufi kwa kutofautisha namna hizi mbili. Mfano : b בּ / v ב .
Mwelekeo wa mwandiko ni kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto, sawa na Kiarabu na kinyume cha [[mwandiko wa Kilatini|mwandiko wetu wa Kilatini]].
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|'''[[Alef]]'''||'''[[Bet/Vet]]'''||'''[[Gimel]]'''||'''[[Dalet]]'''||'''[[He]]'''||'''[[Waw]]'''||'''[[Zayin]]'''||'''[[Khet]]'''||'''[[Tet]]'''||'''[[Yod]]'''||'''[[Kaf]]'''
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|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|א
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ב
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ג
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ד
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ה
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ו
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ז
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ח
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ט
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|י
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|כ
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|'''[[Lamedh|Lamed]]'''||'''[[Mem]]'''||'''[[Nun (letter)|Nun]]'''||'''[[Samekh]]'''||'''[[Ayin]]'''||'''[[Pe (letter)|Pe/Fe]]'''||'''[[Tsade|Tsadeh]]'''||'''[[Qoph|Qof]]'''||'''[[Resh]]'''||'''[[Shin (letter)|Shin/Sin]]'''||'''[[Taw (letter)|Taw]]'''
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|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ל
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|מ
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|נ
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ס
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ע
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|פ
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|צ
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ק
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ר
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ש
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ת
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|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ן
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|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:300%" height=40 valign=top|ץ
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==Historia==
Asili ya mwandiko wa Kiebrania ni alfabeti ya [[Kifinisia]]. Tangu [[karne ya 10 KK]] herufi za Kifinisia zilizobadilishwa kiasi zilitumiwa kuandika Kiebrania cha kale<ref>[http://www.ancientscripts.com/old_hebrew.html Old Hebrew]</ref>. Mwandiko huu ulitumiwa wakati wa falme za Israeli na Yudah. Baada ya [[uhamisho wa Babeli]] Wayahudi walianza kutumia namna ya mwandiko wa Kiaramu (uliotoka pia kutoka Kifinisia).
Mwandiko huo uliendelea kutummiwa kwa kuandika Kiebrania katika karne nyingi ambako Wayahudi waliishi ugenini nje ya nchi yao ya kiasili. Katika karne zile Kiebrania kilikuwa lugha ya kidini na ya kitaalamu lakini haikuwa tena [[lugha ya kwanza]].
Katika karne ya 19 na 20 Kiebrania kilikuwa na ufufuko kama lugha ya kila siku katika harakati ya [[Uzayuni]] na hasa tangu kuundwa kwa nchi ya [[Israeli]].
==Herufi kama namba==
Herufi zilitumiwa pia kama namba ingawa hii si kawaida tena katika Kiebrania cha kisasa.
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!<small>Herufi</small>!!<small>Maana ya namba</small>
|rowspan=10|
!<small>Herufi</small>!!<small>Maana ya namba</small>
|rowspan=10|
!<small>Herufi</small>!!<small>Maana ya namba</small>
|-
|א||1||י||10||ק||100
|-
|ב||2||כ||20||ר||200
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|ג||3||ל||30||ש||300
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|ד||4||מ||40||ת||400
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|ה||5||נ||50||ך||500
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|ו||6||ס||60||ם||600
|-
|ז||7||ע||70||ן||700
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|ח||8||פ||80||ף||800
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|ט||9||צ||90||ץ||900
|}
==Marejeo==
<references/>
[[jamii:Kiebrania]]
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