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Mstari 1: [[Image:Neutrophil with anthrax copy.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|[[Picha]] iliyopigwa kwa [[hadubini]] ikionyesha [[neutrofili]] ([[manjano\|njano]]) ikimeza bakteria ya [[Anthrax]] ([[nyekundu]]).]] [[File:Ilya Mechnikov nobel.jpg\|thumb\|right\|230px\|[[Ilya Mechnikov]], mmojawapo kati ya waanzilishi wa [[imunolojia]].]] '''Mfumo wa kingamaradhi''' (kwa [[~~ing.~~Kiingereza]] ''immune system'') ni seti ya [[tishu]] za [[mwili]] zinazofanya [[kazi]] pamoja ili kukwepa [[ugonjwa]]. Mfumo huo unasaidia [[kiumbehai]] kutambua na kuzuia [[hatari]] kutoka nje kwa [[afya]] yake, kama vile [[virusi]], [[bakteria]] na [[kidusia\|vidusia]] mbalimbali.<ref name=Janeway>Janeway C.A ''et al'' 2001. Basic concepts in immunology, Chapter 1 in ''Immunobiology'', 5th ed, New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4101-7</ref> Mstari 7: Kumbe pengine mfumo wenyewe umeathiriwa na kwa sababu hiyo unashindwa kufanya kazi.<ref>[http://jem.rupress.org/content/193/6/F23.full "Inflammatory cells and cancer"], Lisa M. Coussens and Zena Werb 2001. ''Journal of Experimental Medicine'', '''193''' F23-26.</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2364095 "Chronic immune activation and inflammation as the cause of malignancy"] K.J. O'Byrne and A.G. Dalgleish 2010. ''British Journal of Cancer''. '''85''', 473-483.</ref> Mfano mmojawapo wa ukosefu huo ni [[UKIMWI]] unaosababishwa na [[Virusi vya ukimwi\|VVU]]. Mfumo huo ni wa zamani sana, kiasi kwamba uliweza kuwepo katika [[eukaryota]] wa [[seli]] moja tu, kabla ya [[wanyama]] na [[mimea]] kutofautiana.<ref name=Janeway2>Janeway C.A ''et al'' 2001. Evolution of the immun system: past, present and future. 'Afterword' in ''Immunobiology'', 5th ed, New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4101-7</ref><ref name=Janeway2/>▼ [[Fani]] muhimu ya [[sayansi]] inayochunguza mfumo huo inaitwa [[imunolojia]]. ▼ ▲[[Fani]] muhimu ya [[sayansi]] inayochunguza mfumo huo inaitwa [[imunolojia]]. ▲Mfumo huo ni wa zamani sana, kiasi kwamba uliweza kuwepo katika [[eukaryota]] wa seli moja tu, kabla ya [[wanyama]] na [[mimea]] kutofautiana.<ref name=Janeway2>Janeway C.A ''et al'' 2001. Evolution of the immun system: past, present and future. 'Afterword' in ''Immunobiology'', 5th ed, New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4101-7</ref><ref name=Janeway2/> ==Tanbihi== Mstari 18: [[Category:Mwili]] [[Jamii:Biolojia]] [[Jamii:Afya]]

Mfumo wa kingamaradhi : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho