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Utenzi wa Gilgamesh : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Picha:GilgameshTablet.jpg|thumb|220px|Kibao cha [[udongo]] chenye Utenzi wa Gilgamesh kwa [[mwandiko wa kikabari]].]]
'''Utenzi wa Gilgamesh''' ni [[shairi]] refu kutoka [[Mesopotamia]] ya Kale, ikiwaukiwa kati ya [[kazi]] za kwanza zinazojulikana za [[fasihi]] [[duniani zinazojulikana]]. InasimuliaUnasimulia [[habari]] za [[mfalme]] na [[nusu]]-[[mungu]] [[Gilgamesh]] na [[safari]] zake pamoja na [[rafiki]] yake Enkidu. [[Utenzi]] huu unaaminiwa ulitungwa kati ya miaka [[2400 KK]] na [[1900 KK]]. Unajulikana hasa kutokana na [[hadithi]] ya [[gharika kuu]] iliyofunika [[dunia]] loteyote naambayo kufananahufanana na habari za [[Nuhu]] katika [[Biblia]]. ▼
 
▲'''Utenzi wa Gilgamesh''' ni shairi kutoka [[Mesopotamia]] ya Kale ikiwa kati ya kazi za kwanza za [[fasihi]] duniani zinazojulikana. Inasimulia habari za mfalme na nusu-mungu [[Gilgamesh]] na safari zake pamoja na rafiki yake Enkidu. Utenzi huu unaaminiwa ulitungwa kati ya 2400 KK na 1900 KK. Unajulikana hasa kutokana na hadithi ya gharika kuu iliyofunika dunia lote na kufanana na habari za [[Nuhu]] katika [[Biblia]].
 
== Mapokeo ya utenzi wa Gilgamesh ==
Utenzi huu haujulikani kwa sehemu zake zote. Ulisahauliwa nampaka kugunduliwaulipogunduliwa upya katika [[karne ya 19]], wakati ambako [[wanaakiolojia]] walianza kusoma [[mwandiko wa kikabari]] uliosahauliwa kwa [[milenia]] [[mbili]].

Toleo lililohifadhiwa vema ni [[bamba za mwandiko wa kikabari]] 12 vilivyotambuliwazilizotambuliwa katika mabaki ya [[mfalme]] [[Ashurbanipal]] ([[karne ya 7 KK]]). [[Neno|Maneno]] yake yamekamilishwa kutokana na matoleo mengine ya utenzi yaliyopatikana kwenye vibao vya [[udongo]] mahali pengine, ingawa mara nyingi ni vipande tu, si vibo kamili vilivyohifadhiwa baada yakwa muda mrefu.
 
[[Wataalamu]] hufikiri ya kwamba hadithi mbalimbali juu ya mfalme Gilgamesh zilisimuliwa na kuandikwa tangu muda mrefu hadi zilikusanywazilipokusanywa katika utenzi mmoja kabla ya karne ya 7 KK.
 
== Hadithi ya utenzi wa Gilgamesh ==
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== Historia ==
Jina la [[Gilgamesh]] linaptikanalinapatikana katika orodha ya wafalme wa [[Uruk]]: anaaminiwa alitawala katika kipindi cha kati ya [[2700 KK]] hadi [[2500 KK]].
 
== Marejeo ==
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* West, Martin (1997) ''The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth'', New York: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-815042-3
 
== Viungo vya Njenje ==
* Translations for several legends of Gilgamesh in the [[Sumer]]ian language can be found in Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., and Zólyomi, G., ''The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature'' ([http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/ http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/]), Oxford 1998-.
* Babylonian (Akkadian) texts: [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.1.8.1* ETCSL]
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* [http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/mideast/mi-wtst.htm The Epic of Gilgamesh: A Spiritual Biography] (theosophy-nw.org)
 
;Vibao
;Tablets
* [http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/tab11.htm Tablet XI (The Flood Chapter)]
 
;Gharika
;Flood
* [http://www.noahs-ark-flood.com/parallels.htm Comparison of equivalent lines in six ancient versions of the flood story] (noahs-ark-flood.com)
* [http://www.religioustolerance.org/noah_com.htm Comparison of The Epic of Gilgamesh to the Genesis flood] (religioustolerance.org)
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